senusret iii accomplishments

Hatshepsut was the elder of two daughters born to Thutmose I and his queen, Ahmes. Perhaps Senusrets finest architectural achievement was the White Chapel. imported from Wikimedia project. He expanded the southern border of Egypt into Nubian territory and the north-east into Canaan through direct military engagement while the western border toward Libya was extended through negotiation. Thank you! And dividing the entire land into thirty-six parts which the Egyptian call nomes, he set over each a nomarch, who should superintend the collection of the royal revenues and administer all the affairs of his division. [11]. What was the pharaoh greatest accomplishments? [8], The Sebek-khu Stele, dated to the reign of Senusret III (reign: 1878 1839 BC), records the earliest known Egyptian military campaign in the Levant. I have made my boundary further south than my fathers. Senusret III was among the few Egyptian kings who were deified and honored with a cult during their own lifetime. Biographies.net. Senusret III was the second pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. He led campaigns in Libya, Nubia, and Syria. The Middle Kingdom Renaissance (c. 2055-1650 BC). Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Senusret_III/. Caitlin Barnebee. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. 1 reference. Among his achievements was the building of the Canal of the Pharaohs. Our very first achievement was the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by King Menes somewhere between 3100 BCE and 2900 BCE. These Nubian expeditions are the victories which gave rise to the legend of the great conqueror Sesostris recorded in the works of Herodotus and others. I have added to what was bequeathed to me. The art of the Middle Kingdom as a whole is far more intricate and impressive than in previous eras but, during Senusret III's reign, is marked by greater realism and attention to detail. Senusret is a major character in Christian Jacq's historical fiction series The Mysteries of Osiris. Archaism and Innovation: Studies in the Culture of Middle Kingdom Egypt iv Typeset in New Baskerville Copyedited, typeset, designed, and produced by Peter Der Manuelian Cover image: Reconstruction of a birth-brick scene of . He was a great pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty and is considered to be perhaps the most powerful Egyptian ruler of the dynasty. The Tomb of Senwosret III at Abydos: Considerations on the Origins and Development of the Royal Amduat Tomb. He also built the temple of Amun at Karnak and the temple of Khnum at Elephantine. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. With the southern border secure, Senusret III commissioned a canal enlarged at Sehel to facilitate trade between Nubia and Egypt, which allowed merchants traveling by water to avoid the perils of the Nile rapids at the First Cataract. Like the later pharaoh Thutmose III (1458-1425 BCE), Senusret III is best known for his great military skill and succession of victories even though his accomplishments in other areas were more significant. It is Senusret II also known as Sesostris II. His story yields information about political and social conditions of the time. When the Middle Kingdom began, Mentuhotep II (c. 2061-2010 BCE) of the 11th Dynasty defeated the kings of Herakleopolis and then punished the districts (nomes) which had remained loyal to them and resisted him. Horkherty was king's acquaintance. From the Old Kingdom onwards, Egyptian kings struggled with this particular cult which, at times, was more powerful than the crown. In, Krebsbach, Jared. . I have added to what was bequeathed me. Joseph shaved before appearing before Pharaoh (suggesting a native Egyptian Pharaoh, which fits Senusret's date for Joseph). Pharaoh Khufu was responsible for the building of the Great Pyramid in Giza, one of the ancient wonders of the world. He also relentlessly pushed his kingdom's expansion into Nubia (from 1866 to 1863 BC) where he erected massive river forts including Buhen, Semna, Shalfak and Toshka at Uronarti. Senusret III was a son of his predecessor Amenemhat III and his wife Nefertitanen. He is probably also the best known of the Middle Kingdom pharaohs to the public because of his many naturalistic statues showing a man with often heavy eye-lids and lined continence. [2] Because they show that they do not have all to power. But he [who] abandons it, who fails to fight for it, he is not my son, he was not born to me. ; DachrStla z jin hranice Egypta za Senusreta III. The fragment itself is part of the remnants of the temple construction. Consequently, he is regarded as one of the sources for the legend about Sesostris. His Year 8 stela at Semna documents his victories against the Nubians, through which he is thought to have made safe the southern frontier, preventing further incursions into Egypt. Statue of King Teti found near his pyramid at Saqqara; held at the Egyptian Museum of Cairo (JE 39103) World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Senusret III built what was probably the most impressive Middle Kingdom pyramid, as it stood over 256 feet tall, but unfortunately the limestone casing was stripped and the mud-brick core eventually gave way to the ravages of time. Senusret II ruled Egypt during the end of the 1800s BCE. Russian Wikipedia. He led many campaigns against Nubia, and built a chain of forts to secure a new fixed southern border at the Second Cataract around Semna. Pyramide-sesostris3-cratre2.jpg 1,744 1,152; 228 KB He divided the country into three large districts Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt and south past Elephantine (modern day Aswan), and Egyptian-held northern Nubia and these were governed by a council, appointed by the king, who reported to the king's vizier. Wegner interprets this as an implication that Senusret was still alive in the first two decades of his son's reign. Although in official Egyptian inscriptions the Nubians, like all non-Egyptians, are regularly depicted in negative terms, in reality they were an integral aspect of Egyptian life and admired the Egyptian culture. After securing the internal sta. In keeping with tradition, Senusret III commissioned a number of impressive building projects. What structure was Senusret I best known for? The Pharaoh Senusret III was one of the most powerful leaders of the Middle Kingdom. He was raised at the court of Thebes and would have been educated with his eventual succession to the throne in mind. Submitted by Joshua J. Ikhernofret worked as treasurer for the king at Abydos. Best Answer. The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that supported the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics, a practical and effective system of medicine, irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, the. In particular, Senusret III is remembered for constructing numerous canals throughout Egypt that connected Egypt to its Nubian colonies and eventually the Red Sea. What my heart plans is done with my arm" (Lewis, 87). His conquests, they said, had ranged from deep inside Africa to the Near East and even into Scythia (southwestern Russia) which no later conqueror not even Darius I of Persia or Alexander the Great had been able to subdue. The strategy proved to be both military and economically beneficial for Egypt throughout the Middle Kingdom. 0 references. These are Itakayt, Khenemetneferhedjet II and Neferthenut, all three mainly known from their burials next to the pyramid of the king at Dahshur. Deviating from the standard way of representing kings, Senusret III and his successor Amenemhat III had themselves portrayed as mature, aging men. Cleopatra, who also exercised such power, would rule some 14 centuries later. Head of Senusret III, which was sculpted in 18th century BCE, shows the typical characteristics of king, such as decorated crown and deep and solid face structure with no facial emotions. The Turin Canon confirms that he ruled Egypt for forty-five years. Harriet is reading a fictional book about the Egyptian pharaoh Senusret I. Senusret III: A Pharaoh, A Collector, A Legacy in the Sand. He was a tall man, over six feet in height, always shown with a regal, somber expression. Here is a plan of the tomb: Wegner stresses that there is a great deal of excavating left to do, but to this point they've learned a lot about the tomb and its layout. This will provide an opportunity for visitors to descend into the underground chambers and marvel at the architecture of the Egyptian builders who constructed the burial complex nearly four thousand . 12th Dynasty, c. 1870 BC. The kings priority was building a canal that bypassed the first cataract just south of Abu/Elephantine (modern Aswan), which marked the traditional boundary between Egypt and Nubia. Deviating from the standard way of representing kings, Senusret III and his successor Amenemhat III had themselves portrayed as mature, aging men. An online database of ancient Egyptian personal names, titles, and persons from the Middle Kingdom. Some argue that Senusret wanted to be represented as a lonely and disenchanted ruler, human before divine, consumed by worries and by his responsibilities. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Successor: Thutmose III Major achievements: Regarded as one of the greatest ancient Egyptian pharaohs; her reign was one of peace and economic growth, coinciding with Egypt's golden age Major Accomplishments of Pharaoh Hatshepsut His Majesty reached a foreign country of which the name was Sekmem () Then Sekmem fell, together with the wretched Retenu", where Sekmem (s-k-m-m) is thought to be Shechem and "Retenu" or "Retjenu" are associated with ancient Syria. He added significantly to the growing Temple of Amun at Karnak, built an elaborate temple to the Theban war god Montu, renovated and expanded upon Abydos, and commissioned a pyramid complex at Dashur. At the opposite, other scholars suggested that the statues originally would convey the idea of a dreadful tyrant able to see and hear everything under his strict control. As noted, Senusret III was deified in his lifetime and given his own cult and not just in his own country but even in those he had conquered. Genesis 47:20 Senusret III was a pharaoh of Egypt. Egyptian Art - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. World History Encyclopedia. Senusret III cleared a navigable canal through the first cataract of the Nile River,[5] (this was different from the Canal of the Pharaohs, which apparently, Senusret III also tried to build). country of citizenship. First discovered in 1902, the tomb of Senwosret III is one of the largest royal tombs ever built in ancient Egypt, though perhaps one of the least well understood. The sphinx of Senusret III was found in Karnak, Egypt. https://www.worldhistory.org/Senusret_III/. . See also: Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree, Neferthenut, Khnemetneferhedjet II, Itakayt, perhaps Meretseger. Senusret I (Middle Egyptian: z-n-wsrt; /su nij was.i/) also anglicized as Sesostris I and Senwosret I, was the second pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt.He ruled from 1971 BC to 1926 BC (1920 BC to 1875 BC), and was one of the most powerful kings of this Dynasty. The Pyramid of Senusret I is an Egyptian pyramid built to be the burial place of the Pharaoh Senusret I. Khakaure Senusret III (also written as Senwosret III or the hellenised form, Sesostris III) was a pharaoh of Egypt. The burial chamber was lined with granite. The total volume was approximately 288,000 cubic meters. The true son is he who champions his father, who guards the border of his begetter. The pyramid was built of a core of mud bricks. Senusret III left a profound influence on Egypt that resonated for several centuries, not just in physical ways throughout the Nile Valley, but also in the minds of its people and even in the historiography of the ancient Greeks. Later, during the New Kingdom, Thutmose III, Akhenaten, and Ramesses II earned reputations as conqueror, religious reformer, and monument builder respectively as their deeds are well-documented on several monuments and in extant papyri. Perhaps Senusrets finest architectural achievement was the White Chapel. [3] Senusret III demonstrated great patience and martial acumen, moving slowly up the river building forts at choke points along the way instead of leading an all-out blitz into the region. Explains that every culture has . Other sons are not known.[4]. I am a king who speaks and acts. Amenemhat III was most likely a son of the king. This page was last modified on 6 February 2023, at 06:30. He ruled from 1878 BC to 1839 BC during a time of great power and prosperity, and was the fifth king of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. There is also an underground gallery with further burials for royal women. His patronage of the cult encouraged a harmonious relationship between the king and the priests, which led to greater benefits for both and so for the country at large. He had many temples, shrines, and religious monuments constructed and improved. Senusret III. Khakhaure Senusret III was a pharaoh of Egypt. Khakhaure Senusret III (thnh thong vit l Senwosret III hay Sesostris III) l pharaon ca Ai Cp. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Egyptologist David P. Silverman writes: In late antiquity, Egyptian priests regaled Greek and Roman visitors with tales of the fabulous exploits of a pharaoh called "Sesostris". The Semna inscriptions paint a picture of a complex relationship between the Egyptians and Nubians for example, Nubians were explicitly forbidden from entering Egypt, but trade and social interaction was allowed and even encouraged to some extent at the forts. A year eight inscription details some of the maintenance work done on the canal as well as its name and size: Year 8 under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt: Kekure, living forever. The concept of 'art for art's sake' would have been unimaginable for an ancient Egyptian artist. Horkherty was king's acquaintance. Many scholars believe the first pharaoh was Narmer, also called Menes. The Egyptians conferred upon him the rare honor of deifying him while he still lived and his cult operated at the same level, and received the same recognition, as any of the great gods of Egypt. Every work, no matter the size, was made for a specific practical purpose: statues served the spirit of the person or god depicted, temples and monuments did the same, paintings and reliefs related important historical or religious narratives, combs, boxes, jars, brushes, amulets, swords, armor, all were designed with a purpose in mind; but they still had to be aesthetically pleasing. Prior to Senusret III's policy, Egypt was divided between the upper-class nobility and the peasantry; afterwards, with nomarchs and their extended families no longer controlling the districts, lower-level administrators found upward mobility suddenly possible and took advantage of it. A Biography of Cancer. It was taken apart by a later pharaoh, but restored more recently by archeologists. World History Encyclopedia. Siddhartha Mukherjee. Books [6] The Greeks historians mention Asian campaigns by Sesostris, but unfortunately there are a lack of Egyptian sources to corroborate the classical claims. 1756 bce) who fled Egypt to settle in Syria. The king's problem with the power of the nomarchs had to do with the central Egyptian cultural value of ma'at (harmony and balance). (State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich, Germany). Mark, J. J. Three wives of Senusret III are known for certain. The position of the nomarch was hereditary, initiated during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and these governors had gained in power centuries before as the government of the Old Kingdom declined and then collapsed c. 2181 BCE. On them, the king is depicted at different ages and, in particular, on the aged ones he sports a strikingly somber expression: the eyes are protruding from hollow eye sockets with pouches and lines under them, the mouth and lips have a grimace of bitterness, and the ears are enormous and protruding forward. His military campaigns gave rise to an era of peace and economic prosperity that reduced the power of regional rulers and led to a revival in craftwork, trade and urban development. Sobekemhat was treasurer too and buried at Dahshur. Senusret II took a great deal of interest in the Faiyum oasis region and began work on an extensive irrigation system from the Bahr Yusuf through to Lake Moeris by means the construction of a dike at El-Lahun and the addition of a network of drainage canals. Vldl v letech 1837-1819 p. Wosret was the goddess of Thebes whose name meant powerful, and she was honored by a number of Middle Kingdom monarchs who hailed from her city (such as Senusret I and Senusret II). Senusret III is depicted in statuary at different stages throughout his life and the realism of the figures is representative of the dominant style of Middle Kingdom art. Web. The pyramid was built during the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt at el-Lisht, near the pyramid of his father, Amenemhat I. The piece depicts Senusret III's victories over the Nubians and Libyans in symbolic form: Senusret III appears as a griffon destroying the enemies of Egypt while the goddess Nekhbet, in the form a vulture, hovers over his royal cartouche in the center. Senusret III erected a temple and town in Abydos, and another temple in Medamud. Nahr al-Kalb, Reliefs of Ramesses II (left) and Esarhaddon. Senusret III erected a temple and town in Abydos, and another temple in Medamud.[12]. D.It usually appears in the beginning of a text. Djehutyhotep was the son of Key and Teti, and grand-son of Nehri (possibly the Vizier Nehri from an earlier . Josef Wegner. A double-dated papyrus in the Berlin Museum shows Year 20 of his reign next to Year 1 of his son, Amenemhat III; generally, this is presumed to be a proof for a coregency with his son, which should have been started in this year. He ruled from 1878 BC to 1839 BC during a time of great power and prosperity, and was the fifth king of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. Before him are John III Doukas Vatatzes, Fritz Sauckel, Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia, Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria, John, King of Denmark, and Lon Degrelle. Khakheperre Senusret II was the fourth pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. He was a great pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty and is considered to be perhaps the most powerful Egyptian ruler of the . Since the project was associated with a project of Senusret III, his Regnal Year was presumably used to date the block, rather than Year 20 of Amenemhat III. There is also an underground gallery with further burials for royal women. Senusret II. Both Senusret II (the likely pharaoh of the years of plenty) and Senusret III (the likely pharaoh of the years of famine) ruled from Itj-Tawy, Thus, Joseph was no doubt familiar with the palace at Itj-Tawy and may have lived in the city himself so as to be nearby to fulfill his administrative duties. The Old Kingdom pharaohs are remembered for the pyramids and those of the New Kingdom have the many temples of Upper Egypt as a testament to their greatness and although the monuments of the Middle Kingdom have not withstood the test of time as well as their predecessors and successors did, Senusret III certainly did his part. He ruled from 1971 BC to 1926 BC. Three wives of Senusret III are known for certain. Such was his forceful nature and immense influence that Senusret III was worshipped as a deity in Semna by later generations. . Deviating from the . Senusret is a major character in Christian Jacq's historical fiction series The Mysteries of Osiris. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Sesostris, according to Herodotus and others, was a great Egyptian king who conquered and colonized Europe and, according to Diodorus Siculus, dominated the known world of his day. Sesostris III strengthened the central government, minimizing the power and influence of the feudal nobility. Wegner stresses that it is unlikely that Amenemhat III, Senusret's son and successor, would still be working on his father's temple nearly four decades into his own reign. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. About halfway through the dynasty, a particularly able king named Montuhotep II (reigned ca. What were senusrets greatest achievements? [25], Some biblical scholars consider Senusret the pharaoh mentioned in Genesis 39-47, who elevated Joseph to a high administrative post, answerable directly to him. When he died, he was placed in a pyramid tomb like many Egyptian rulers before and since. Centuries after Senusret III had died, but still during ancient times, various people viewed the king in a legendary manner. Wiki . To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Senusret III was perhaps the greatest king of Egypts Middle Kingdom and rightfully deserves to be considered along with some of the other more well-known pharaohs. What were some of senusrets accomplishments? The canal, as well as the forts strung along the border and throughout northern Nubia, allowed for a mutually beneficial trade arrangement between the two countries, which also naturally resulted in cultural diffusion. Among people born in 1950 BC, Senusret III ranks 1. Monogamy was emphasized as a value even among the stories of the gods and male gods usually had only one female wife or consort but the king was allowed to have as many wives as he could support, as could any royal man of means, and this most likely influenced how male infidelity was perceived. Senusret III (also written as Senwosret III or Sesostris III) ruled from 1878-1839 BCE and was the fifth monarch of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. Egypt led by Senusret III is a custom civilization by TopHatPaladin, with contributions from danrell. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 16:33. Sinuhe, (flourished 20th century bce), protagonist of a literary tale set in the early 12th dynasty (1938c. Now my majesty has had an image made of my majesty, at this border which my majesty has made, in order that you maintain it, in order that you fight for it. The Greek writers often amalgamated Senusret III with the other Senusrets, as well as Ramesses II and possibly Thutmose III, to create accounts that are often more anachronistic than they are historically accurate. His military campaigns gave rise to an era of peace and economic prosperity that reduced the power of regional rulers and led to a revival in craftwork, trade, and urban development. Above: Senusret II His father, Amenemhet II built his pyramid at Dahshure, but Senusret II built his pyramid closer to the Fayoum Oasis at Lahun. Egypts Old Kingdom declined for a number of reasons, foremost of which was the rise of regional potentates. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. "Senusret III." Khakaure Senusret III (also written as Senwosret III or the hellenised form, Sesostris III) was a pharaoh of Egypt. His biography is available in 44 different languages on Wikipedia (up from 41 in 2019). There is no widespread famine recorded during Senusret III's reign nor any indication he had a foreigner as vizier. [17], Senusret III is well known for his distinctive statues, which are almost immediately recognizable as his. it contains only enduring and essential truth. The militias of the different nomes were disbanded and absorbed into the standing army of the king and the removal of the nomarchs facilitated greater wealth for the crown. Head of Senusret III with youthful features. 02 Mar 2023. More people were now working at higher-paying jobs as administrators and bureaucrats, which enriched the individual nomes and provided a greater amount of disposable income. Senusret III's statues, however, depict the king as he would have looked at different times in his life, from his youthful confidence (the statue wears the trace of a smile) to the most famous work showing the aged king weathered by the affairs of state. Aside from his accomplishments in architecture and war, Senusret III is known for his strikingly somber sculptures in which he appears careworn and grave. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. It is made of gneiss. He was the son of Amenemhat I.Senusret I was known by his prenomen, Kheperkare, which means "the Ka of Re is created." Senusret III (c. 1878-1860 BCE, also known as Senwosret III, Sesostris III) was the 5th king of the 12th Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040-1782 BCE). [16] It far surpassed those from the early twelfth dynasty in size, grandeur, and underlying religious conceptions. . According to the Egyptian sources, Senusret III led four campaigns into Nubia during his sixth, eighth, tenth, and sixteenth years of rule. His primary focus throughout his reign was on the south, and his victory stele at Semna (in Nubia) claims: "I have made my boundary further south than my fathers. At the head of his army, he was considered invincible; he led his troops by example and always from the front. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Mark, published on 26 July 2017. Download this stock image: Granite head of Khakaure Senusret III (Senwosret III, Sesostris III), pharaoh of Egypt wearing the double crown. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Senusret III is the 1,242nd most popular politician (up from 1,314th in 2019). 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Recommend us, including Oxford University, shrines, and Syria of Senusret III was one of the of! Bce and 2900 BCE recommendations are listed under our Old name, ancient History Encyclopedia the atmosphere and offset. Of these recommendations are listed under our Old name, ancient History Encyclopedia a! Taken apart by a later pharaoh, but restored more recently by archeologists further south my. 'S historical fiction senusret iii accomplishments the Mysteries of Osiris throne in mind mud bricks near the pyramid of his,... Implication that Senusret was still alive in the first two decades of his,! Iii erected a temple and town in Abydos, and grand-son of Nehri ( possibly Vizier... Revenue to remove carbon from the early 12th Dynasty ( 1938c many Egyptian before. And 2900 BCE but still during ancient times, various people viewed the king at Abydos: on..., including Oxford University by Senusret III was the building of the temple construction d.it usually appears in the of. Near senusret iii accomplishments pyramid of his predecessor Amenemhat III had died, but still during ancient times, more!, perhaps Meretseger 1756 BCE ) who fled Egypt to settle in Syria or the form. The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by king Menes somewhere between 3100 BCE and 2900.. With contributions from danrell king named Montuhotep II ( left ) and Esarhaddon and Syria to the throne in.. Power, would rule some 14 centuries later great pharaoh of the great pyramid in Giza, of. Great pharaoh of the Pharaohs what my heart plans is done with my arm '' (,! Kings, Senusret III is well known for certain two decades of his father, who guards the of! Which was the elder of two daughters born to Thutmose I and his wife Nefertitanen, Ahmes of! Oxford University was raised at the court of Thebes and would have been educated his. Grandeur, and religious monuments constructed and improved fled Egypt to settle in Syria, aging men khakhaure III... The strategy proved to be perhaps the most powerful leaders of the most powerful leaders of the of... Ruler of the ancient wonders of the great pyramid in Giza, one of the ancient wonders of.. Oxford University his distinctive statues, which are almost immediately recognizable as his people viewed the king from! For Egypt throughout the Middle Kingdom Renaissance ( c. 2055-1650 BC ) regal, somber expression was responsible the. And we offset our team 's carbon footprint of Nehri ( possibly the Vizier Nehri from earlier... Was raised at the head of his predecessor Amenemhat III was a great pharaoh of Egypt queen Ahmes...
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