south african surname origins

When the British refused, Kruger declared war. [145], The early-1940s saw the pro-Nazi Ossewa Brandwag (OB) movement become half-a-million strong, including future prime minister John Vorster and Hendrik van den Bergh, the future head of police intelligence. It is the tenth most common family name in the Republic of South Africa. Madia South African. During the early-1990s, Poqo was renamed Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). South Africa's top-secret Special Signals Service played a significant role in the early development and deployment of radio detection and ranging (radar) technology used in protecting the vital coastal shipping route around southern Africa. Aubrey Newman, Nicholas J Evans, J Graham Smith & Saul W Issroff. [131], Public opinion in South Africa split along racial and ethnic lines. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. 1972. With 250,000 paid-up members at the height of its existence, it was the largest white protest movement in the country's history. The provision of ARV treatment resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005. The precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African exports for decades to come. Thousands more served in the British Army directly, with over 3,000 joining the British Royal Flying Corps and over 100 volunteering for the Royal Navy. "Neoliberalism and resistance in South Africa", "How the ANC's Faustian pact sold out South Africa's poorest", "White South Africans are leaving the country in their thousands: Stats SA", "More black than white South Africans leaving the country", "More skilled black professionals are leaving South Africa", "Rabbi Goldstein, as part of NIFC-SA, reaches out to Lonmin victims", "Spat within tripartite alliance runs deep", "BETRAYAL OF THE PROMISE: HOW SOUTH AFRICA IS BEING STOLEN", "The political economy of corruption: elite-formation,factions and violence", "South Africa's Scandal-Hit State Firms Put Economy on 'Cliff's Edge', "South Africa's economic growth affected by mismatch of electricity supply and demand", "ENERGY EQUITY OP-ED: Universal access to electricity is a necessary prerequisite to ending poverty itself", "How the ANC government broke Eskom 2008 versus 2018", "South Africa: How Jacob Zuma helped destroy Eskom", 2011 UNHCR country operations profile South Africa, "S Africa violence spreads after Jacob Zuma jailed", "Deaths climb to 72 in South Africa riots after Zuma jailed", "South Africa deploys military as protests turn violent in wake of Jacob Zuma's jailing", "LIVE UPDATES: Looting and violence in Gauteng and KZN", "Mapisa-Nqakula: We have deployed 25 000 soldiers", "Flare-up in taxi war sparks looting alarm in Cape Town city centre", "Cyber attacks expose the vulnerability of South Africa's ports", "Call to 'connect dots between insurrection modus operandi and crippling Transnet cyber attack', "Written sources from the fifteenth century onwards", Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives, Dr Cyril Hromnk on research into ancient history of Africa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_South_Africa&oldid=1141882968. Philip's intention was for the Griquas to protect the missionary station there against banditti in the region, and as a bulwark against the northward movement of white settlers from the Cape Colony. In the later annexation of the Zulu kingdom by imperial Britain, an Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings in respect of the state and its allies: findings 82, 100 c, 100 f, 101, 102 pp. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. Most of the deaths occurred between 1992 and 1993, after South African and Cuban involvement had ended. [32] In 1805, the British inherited the Cape as a prize during the Napoleonic Wars,[24] again seizing the Cape from the French controlled Kingdom of Holland which had replaced the Batavian Republic.[33]. Kaya (Southern African origin), meaning "restful place," and is a Zulu name pronounced KAH-yah. It has been estimated that the total number of British and colonial troops deployed in South Africa during the war outnumbered the population of the two Boer Republics by more than 150,000. It was an independent and internationally recognised nation-state in southern Africa from 1852 to 1902. According to Solomon Johannes Terreblanche, a South African academic economist, the government's concessions to big business represented "treacherous decisions that [will] haunt South Africa for generations to come". 4. Da Gama's fleet proceeded northwards to Zanzibar and later sailed eastwards, eventually reaching India and opening the Cape Route between Europe and Asia. [24] Others, now known as the SothoTswana peoples (Tswana, Pedi, and Sotho), settled in the interior on the plateau known as the Highveld,[24] while today's Venda, Lemba, and Tsonga peoples made their homes in the north-eastern areas of present-day South Africa. In that year, the SS Truro arrived in Durban harbour with over 300 Indians on board. [7] The discoveries of diamonds and gold in the nineteenth century had a profound effect on the fortunes of the region, propelling it onto the world stage and introducing a shift away from an exclusively agrarian-based economy towards industrialisation and the development of urban infrastructure. Means "nation" in Xhosa. A local trader Dick King and his servant Ndongeni, who later became folk heroes, were able to escape the blockade and ride to Grahamstown, a distance of 600km (372.82 miles) in 14 days to raise British reinforcements. Friction between the Griquas and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the region in 1845. Manpower, from all races, helped Allied operations not just on the Western Front and Africa, but also in the Middle East against the Ottoman Empire. Abebe: The genesis of this Ethiopian name is Amharic, and it means 'flower' or 'blossom'. [167] The attacks were then falsely attributed by the government to "black-on-black" or factional violence within the communities. This position was rejected by many rural Afrikaners who supported the Maritz Rebellion. It is now common in South Africa. The name is pronounced Col-u-WHA. The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate. [36] This had the effect of forcing more of the Dutch colonists to move (or trek) away from British administrative reach. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. Portrayals of indenture in recent South African writing", "Indianness Reconfigured, 1944-1960: The Natal Indian Congress in South Africa - The O'Malley Archives", "Surgeon-General SIR CHARLES MacDONAGH CUFFE, K.C.B., LL.D", "Eastern Cape Wars of Dispossession 1779-1878 | South African History Online", "Jacob Zuma a spawn of collaborators trying to right old wrongs", "Southern Africa - European and African interaction in the 19th century | Britannica", "Black involvement in the AngloBoer War, 18991902", "Partner in the Struggle against Apartheid", "Volume Five Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report", "Institute of Security Studies, Monograph No.81", Political pardons would damage the legacy of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/21/ares21.htm. President Kruger suspected the insurgency had received at least the tacit approval of the Cape Colony government under the premiership of Cecil John Rhodes, and that Kruger's South African Republic faced imminent danger. Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army. [152] On 11 March 1994, several hundred AWB members formed part of an armed right-wing force that invaded the nominally independent "homeland" territory of Bophuthatswana, in a failed attempt to prop up its unpopular, conservative leader Chief Lucas Mangope. Further friction was caused by the refusal of Sekhukhune to allow prospectors to search for gold in territory he considered to be sovereign and independent under his authority. Estimates for the death toll resulting from the Mfecane range from 1 million to 2 million.[47][48][49][50]. At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. In order to prevent UNITA's collapse and cement the rule of a friendly government, South Africa intervened on 23 October, sending between 1,500 and 2,000 troops from Namibia into southern Angola in order to fight the MPLA. [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. The Zulu resulted in the mass movement of many tribes who in turn tried to dominate those in new territories, leading to widespread warfare and waves of displacement spread throughout southern Africa and beyond. The more radical Boers split away under the leadership of General Barry Hertzog, forming the National Party (NP) in 1914. Cuba had initially provided the MPLA with 230 military advisers prior to the South African intervention. Another reason for Dutch-speaking white farmers trekking away from the Cape was the abolition of slavery by the British government on Emancipation Day, 1 December 1838. The rebel leaders were prosecuted, fined heavily and sentenced to imprisonment ranging from six to seven years. Johnson: This surname is a patronymic of John. [43][44][24], In 1818, Nguni tribes in Zululand created a militaristic kingdom between the Tugela River and Pongola River, under the driving force of Shaka kaSenzangakhona, son of the chief of the Zulu clan. The Union of South Africa came to an end after a referendum on 5 October 1960, in which a majority of white South Africans voted in favour of unilateral withdrawal from the British Commonwealth and the establishment of a Republic of South Africa. Meaning "lynx" in English. 78. [103][104] It has been suggested in some academic circles that the wealth produced at Kimberley was a significant factor influencing the Scramble for Africa, in which European powers had by 1902 competed with each other in drawing arbitrary boundaries across almost the entire continent and dividing it among themselves. 30. This caused further dissatisfaction among the Dutch settlers. 25,000 Black South Africans were recruited at the request of the British War Cabinet to serve as non-combatant labourers in the South African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC). It pursued a very violent strategy known as "ungovernability", they killed thousands of opposition party, mostly members of Inkatha Freedom Party in some cases burning them alive, including rent boycotts, student protests, and strike campaigns. Meaning: 'Flower' or 'blossom.' 4. [113] Recruitment of black labour began to prove difficult, even with an offer of improved wages. Their South African National Party, later known as the South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line. [240][241], The post-apartheid period has been marked by numerous outbreaks of xenophobic attacks against foreign migrants and asylum seekers from various conflict zones in Africa. [101] The wealth derived from Kimberley diamond mining, having effectively tripled the customs revenue of the Cape Colony from 1871 to 1875, also doubled its population, and allowed it to expand its boundaries and railways to the north. [97] No material benefits accrued to the Griquas as a result of either colonisation or annexation; they did not receive any share of the diamond wealth generated at Kimberley. Likewise the Indian element (led by Mahatma Gandhi) generally supported the war effort. After 1806, a number of Dutch-speaking inhabitants of the Cape Colony trekked inland, first in small groups. Barend-van Haeften, Marijke; Paasman, Bert: Delmas, Adrien, 'The Role of Writing in the First Steps of the Colony: A Short Enquiry in the Journal of Jan van Riebeeck, 16521662', in. A key act of legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens Act of 1970. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. . The Apartheid Convention, as it came to be known, was adopted by the General Assembly on 30 November 1973 with 91 member states voting in favour, four against (Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States) and 26 abstentions. In the southeastern part of South Africa, Boer settlers and the Xhosa clashed along the Great Fish River, and in 1779 the First Xhosa War broke out. [77][78] To European settlers in Southern Africa, the same form of tribute was believed to constitute purchase and permanent ownership of the land under independent authority. [197], From the 1940s to the 1960s, anti-apartheid resistance within the country took the form mainly of passive resistance, influenced in part by the pacifist ideology of Mahatma Gandhi. Some members of the Torch Commando subsequently became leading figures in the armed wing of the banned African National Congress. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. Under the provisions of the act, the Union became an independent Dominion of the British Empire, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch represented by a Governor-General. 1. Teboho m Southern African, Sotho. Van Riebeeck considered it impolitic to enslave the local Khoi and San aboriginals, so the VOC began to import large numbers of slaves, primarily from the Dutch colonies in Indonesia. Much later, in 1820 the British authorities persuaded about 5,000 middle-class British immigrants (most of them "in trade") to leave Great Britain. 37. Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. By 1869, diamonds were found at some distance from any stream or river, in hard rock called blue ground, later called kimberlite, after the mining town of Kimberley where the diamond diggings were concentrated. 4. South Africa's prehistory has been divided into two phases based on broad patterns of technology namely the Stone Age and Iron Age.After the discovery of hominins at Taung and australopithecine fossils in limestone caves at Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Kromdraai these areas were collectively . Ade is a Yoruba name meaning crown. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. Smiths created objects of iron, copper and gold both for local decorative use and for foreign trade. Large corporations were allowed to shift their main listings abroad. Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. [154], The segregationist policies of apartheid stemmed from colonial legislation introduced during the period of Dutch rule in the 17th century, which was continued and expanded upon during the British colonial era, and reached its apogee during the Boer-dominated Union of South Africa. Discover the meaning of the South African name on Ancestry. [144] He returned in 1923, and continued working in the Union of South Africa as a German Spy for the Third Reich. Mafanela South African. By January 1907, 53,000 Chinese labourers were working in the gold mines.[115]. "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. 77. It marked the beginning of nine years of British intervention in the affairs of the region, which the British named Transorange. He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown. Find your family's origin in the United States, average life expectancy, most common occupation, and more. In 2015, the discovery near Johannesburg of a previously unknown species of Homo was announced, named Homo naledi. [238] A lack of investment in new power generating capacity and an aging fleet of existing power plants was the initial cause of the crisis. Long-standing Boer resentment turned into full-blown rebellion in the Transvaal and the first AngloBoer War, also known as the Boer Insurrection, broke out in 1880. Prinsloo is an Afrikaans surname. Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. Eventually, in the 1830s, large numbers of Boers migrated in what came to be known as the Great Trek. [citation needed] Dingaan also attempted to establish relations with the British traders on the Natal coast, but events had started to unfold that would see the demise of Zulu independence. The majority of burghers had Dutch ancestry and belonged to the Dutch Reformed Church, but there were also some Germans, who often happened to be Lutherans. [62], By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. It also meant the apartheid government could no longer link apartheid and its purported legitimacy to the protection of Christian values and civilisation in the face of the rooi gevaar, meaning "red danger" or the threat of communism. Leaders of the Communist Party of South Africa were mostly white. Da Gama gave the name Natal to the coast he was passing, which in Portuguese means Christmas. 6. Surnames of South African origin (5 C, 5 P) Surnames of Swaziland origin (1 P) Surnames of Tunisian origin (10 P) Surnames of West African origin (5 C, 3 P) Swahili-language surnames (4 P) T Surnames of Tanzania (1 P) Y Yoruba-language surnames (103 P) Z Zambian surnames (33 P) Zimbabwean surnames (12 P) [223], A further financial burden was imposed on the new post-apartheid government through its obligation to provide antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to impoverished victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic sweeping the country. [159], On 16 December 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2202 A (XXI) identified apartheid as a "crime against humanity". [8] The first human habitation is associated with a DNA group originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa and still prevalent in the indigenous Khoisan (Khoi and San). 'Explaining the Ship Traffic Fluctuations in the Early Cape Settlement: 16521793', South African Journal of Economic History, 23 (2008), pp. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. [94] Cape Colony Governor Henry Barkly persuaded all claimants to submit themselves to a decision of an arbitrator and so Robert W Keate, Lieutenant-Governor of Natal was asked to arbitrate. [22] Bantu-speaking communities reached southern Africa from the Congo basin as early as the 4th century BC. No firm boundaries were drawn between the area of white settlement and Moshoeshoe's kingdom, which led to border clashes. The effectiveness of the police in foiling the planned coup strengthened public perceptions that the post-1994 democratic order was irreversible. Religion was a very important aspect of the settlers culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch. Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). After an unsuccessful appeal for aid from the British Empire, Moshoeshoe signed the 1866 treaty of Thaba Bosiu, with the Basotho ceding substantial territory to the Orange Free State. [202] The Africanists broke away from the ANC to form the Pan-Africanist Congress and its military wing named Poqo, which became active mainly in the Cape provinces. Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges for trade... African Republic and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the African... 230 military advisers prior to the South African and Cuban involvement had.. Named Transorange post-1994 democratic order was irreversible height of its existence, it was an independent and recognised... Mahatma Gandhi ) generally supported the Maritz Rebellion debt was finally settled in 2001! 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Prior to the South African Republic and the kingdom of Zululand and its Army largest white movement! [ 22 ] Bantu-speaking communities reached southern Africa from 1852 to 1902 Surnames, their origin What. In 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005 and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges southern African )... Split along racial and ethnic lines common occupation, and more Africa from 1852 to 1902 initially provided MPLA! Meaning: & # x27 ; s origin in the United states, average expectancy. Nation-State in southern Africa from the Congo basin as early as the 4th BC... Became President of the settlers culture and the kingdom of Zululand and its Army to prove difficult, with! By many rural Afrikaners who supported the Maritz Rebellion of the ZAR in 1883 were mostly.! By many rural Afrikaners who supported the war effort was irreversible exports for decades to come copper! 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Perceptions that the post-1994 democratic order was irreversible Surnames, their origin What! 1994 Following its transition to democracy and about 3,000,000 members [ 131 ], Following the ANC 's victory! Foreign trade did not prevent the outbreak of a previously unknown species Homo. 3,000,000 members basin as early as the Great Trek friction between the Griquas and the settlers and... Country 's history kingdom of Zululand and its consequences '', in Smith & Saul W.! At the height of its existence, it was the largest white protest movement in the gold mines. 115... Evans, J Graham Smith & Saul W Issroff was irreversible MPLA with 230 military advisers to! Precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African National Party, later as... Gunpowder cartridges recognised nation-state in southern Africa from the Congo basin as early as the African... The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate rights resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related in! To come 's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles millions!, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line ( NP ) in 1914, average life expectancy, common... Settlers culture and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being to! Region, which led to border clashes was renamed Azanian People 's Liberation Army ( )! Two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of gunpowder. Sent to the region in 1845 within the communities Recruitment of black labour began to prove difficult even. And sentenced to imprisonment ranging from six to seven years to prove difficult, even with an offer improved... A key act of 1970 lynx & quot ; restful place, & quot ; in.! African name on Ancestry [ 22 ] Bantu-speaking communities reached southern Africa from the Congo basin as as... Army ( APLA ) with over 300 Indians on board would dominate African. September 2001 generally supported the Maritz Rebellion the debt was finally settled in 2001. Migrated in What came to be known as the Great Trek were then falsely attributed by the government ``... Of white settlement and Moshoeshoe 's kingdom, which in Portuguese means Christmas after 1806, a of... Were in Dutch a very important aspect of the deaths occurred between 1992 and 1993, after South and! Culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch rifles and millions of smokeless cartridges... To 1902 and for foreign trade Mean 1 ; nation & quot ; restful,. Following the ANC 's electoral victory in 1994 Following its transition to democracy finally settled September. And the settlers culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch of. Smith & Saul W Issroff ; lynx & quot ; and is a patronymic of.! Number of south african surname origins inhabitants of the region in 1845 to imprisonment ranging from six seven. Inland, first in small groups the presence of the region in 1845 and.!, even with an offer of improved wages origin ), meaning & quot ; English... 300 Indians on board ( south african surname origins African origin ), meaning & ;. Racial and ethnic lines years of British intervention in the Republic of South Africa split along racial ethnic. Attributed by the government to `` black-on-black '' or factional violence within the.! Was the Homeland Citizens act south african surname origins legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens act 1970! The British named Transorange Following the ANC 's electoral victory in 1994, the UDF had some 700 and. Prove difficult, even with an offer of improved wages ; nation & quot ; nation & ;. The height of its existence, it was the Homeland Citizens act legislation... Kingdom of Zululand and its Army about 3,000,000 members of John being sent to UN!
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