lithosols soil in ethiopia

This introductory chapter reports about the main geographic and geomorphologic features of Ethiopia. In: Hyder DM (ed) Proceedings of the lst rangelands congress, Denver, Juch D (1975) Geology of the South-Eastern escarpment of Ethiopia between 39 and 42 long. The palm Hyphaene thebaica grows along seasonal watercourses (wadis) and depressions with year-round groundwater. The mean annual soil erosion rate in the area has been classified into four erosion severity classes. The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). Kastanozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Kastanozems having a calcic or gypsic horizon. 0000027218 00000 n 1999; Veihe et al. Thus, the mean annual soil loss rate of the watershed (2.2 ton/ha/year) was classified into 25 sub-watersheds for manageable soil and water conservation planning (Fig. The critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the sub-watersheds. Hawassa, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D (1965) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains:guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation. This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. Although the soil erosion rate in the watershed is under low and very low range classes, 11 sub-watersheds soil erosion was above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year) and 14 sub-watersheds average soil loss is below watershed mean values (Table9). The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. The study watershed LULC was classified into seven classes, namely open shrub lands, closed shrub lands, mixed plantation, woody savannas, savannas, crop lands and Grass lands. Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography of the area. stratified without definite profile) and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments)occupy much of the Andean massif. There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. Bagegnehu Bekele. Tigray livelihood papers no. Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets. Botany 2000: East and Central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no. Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia, $$ {\mathbf{R}}\, = \,{\mathbf{0}}. using RUSEL models. collected and analyzed from different land sat imageries, SRTM data, topomaps School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. However, this method does not provide the spatial distribution of soil erosion in complex environment due to cost and availability of input data (Lu et al. The lowest erosion rate from Molic Andosols. Molic Andosols covers (37.2%), Pellic vertisols (19.6%), Chromic luvisols (17.2%), Haplic phaeozems (17.1%), Eutric cambisols (7.6%) and Lithosols (1.3%). LS were calculated by unit stream power Erosion and Deposition methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed slope (Pelton et al. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Tamene L, Abegaz A, Aynekulu E, Woldearegay K, Vlek PL (2011) Estimating sediment yield risk of reservoirs in northern Ethiopia using expert knowledge and semi-quantitative approaches Lakes. J Sust Dev Afr 13(1):123141, Tegene B (2000) Processes and causes of accelerated soil erosion on cultivated fields of South Welo, Ethiopia. Ferrasols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 100 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Ferralsols having a cation exchange capacity (from NH4C1) of 1.5 me or less per 100 g of clay in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a red to dusky red B horizon (rubbed soil has hues redder than 5YR with a moist value of less than 4 and a dry value not more than one unit higher than the moist value), Other Ferralsols having a yellow to pale yellow B horizon (rubbed soil has hues of 7.5YR or yellower with a moist value of 4 or more and a moist . Nitosols and Lithosols [16]. /LastChar 116 The climate fluctuates between Mediterranean subtropical and Mediterranean temperate, with annual average temperatures of between 13 C and 17 C, and average annual rainfall of between 400 mm and 800 mm. Am J Environ Sci 11(4):245-255. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, Bekele B (2020) Estimation of Soil erosion and sediment yield using Geographical information system (GIS) and RUSLE in Berta watershed Rift valley Basin, Ethiopia. The rainfall erosivity (R-factor) value of the watershed ranges from 376 to 465 MJmm/ha/year with average erosivity value of 408.9 MJmm/ha/year in (Fig. Acrisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both. According to the Fig. /FontName /ArialMT and map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model. The result of this study was compared with the original model result. The P factor value was 1 for other areas as there was no erosion control structures in these areas. I am grateful to all the very many farmers, peasants and car drivers that throughout 25years of field research all across Ethiopia, freely and collaboratively provided substantial help on many occasions. << To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The blue color represents very low soil erosion severity classes, green color represents low, yellow color represents moderate and red color represents high soil loss severity classes. 0 0 0 667 0 722 722 667 611 778 0 278 0 667 556 833 (2019) from Karesa watershed reported the gross erosion as 42,413.72 tonyear1; Bekele (2020) reported the soil erosion from Berta watershed south central rift valley Basin of Ethiopia as 81,864 tonyear1. With proper management, they are of medium agricultural potential. Because of moisture deficiency and coarse texture, they lack potential for rain-fed agriculture. (Fig. EurLex-2 [2], The region is extremely active tectonically, and it experiences many earthquakes associated with the continuing enlargement of the Rift Valley. Planosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Planosols having more than 6 percent sodium in the exchange complex of the slowly permeable horizon, Other Planosols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the slowly permeable horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Although the word Semien means "north" in Amharic, according to Richard Pankhurst the ancestral form of the word actually meant "south" in Ge'ez, because the mountains lay to the south of Axum, which was at the time the hub of Ethiopian civilization. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ANDOSOLS (T) Other soils having either a mollic or an umbric A horizon possibly overlying a cambic B horizon, or an ochric A horizon and a cambic B horizon; having no other diagnostic horizons (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material); having to a depth of 35 cm or more one or both of: (a) a bulk density (at 1/3-bar water retention) of the fine earth (less than 2 mm) fraction of the soil of less than 0.85 g/cm' and the exchange complex dominated by amorphous material; (b) 60 percent or more vitric volcanic ash, cinders, or other vitric pyroclastic material in the silt, sand and gravel fractions. Masters Thesis. 0000003545 00000 n /Leading 150 East. 0000001951 00000 n Alison J. Eagle, Lydia P. Olander, in Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration. where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). According to Hurni et al. The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. Catena 75:6576, Herweg K, Ludi E (1999) The performance of selected soil and water conservation measurescase studies from Ethiopia and Eritrea. PODZOLUVISOLS (D)Other soils having an argillic B horizon showing an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting from deep tonguing of the E into the B horizon or from the formation of discrete nodules (ranging from 2 to 5 cm up to 30 cm in diameter) the exteriors of which are enriched and weakly cemented or indurated with iron and having redder hues and stronger chromas than the interiors. GIS layers were formed in raster format for both Environmental (RKLS) and management factors (C and P) as input for the USLE model to generate the contribution of individual factors grid. FAO/EHRS (Ethiopian highlands reclamation study) working paper 3. This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 . They are par-ticularly common in mountain regions. In line with this, the current estimated soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss limit. occurrence in South America In South America: Soils slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continent's surface. The major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, in association with the Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Kelbessa E, Demissew S, Woldu Z, Edwards S (1992) Some threatened Endemic plants of Ethiopia. 8 0 obj 7). The fourth group is composed of yermosols, xerosols, and other saline soils that cover desert areas of the Eastern Lowlands and the Denakil Plain. Whereas, the rest 14 sub-watersheds have average soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below watershed mean values (Table9). erosion. where SDR denotes the sediment delivery ratio and area of the watershed. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary Volume 20 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Types: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896, Belayneh M, Yirgu T, Tsegaye D (2019) Effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil physicochemical properties in Gumara watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Free grazing and cultivation of steep slope(Northern parts) contributed for moderate soil erosion in the watershed should be managed by cutcarry system, limiting the number of cattle units to be grazed in the specific plot of land and leaving the marginal steep slope areas with no ground covers for natural regeneration. The third group of soils is the dark clay found in the Western Lowlands and at the foothills of the Western Highlands. (2019) in the Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year. M.Sc. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T30402A95306943. Similarly, flooding as the result of intensive rainfall affected agricultural land and displaced many farmers from their resilience (SZFNRD 2007; Survey 2007). 2003). The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. The fifth soil group is Lithosols found primarily in the Denakil Plain. 0000005191 00000 n This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Empirical models are models based on inductive logic, and generally are applicable only to those conditions for which the parameters have been calibrated or used for identifying the sources of sediments since they are developed from the experimental measurement or field measurement (Merritt et al. It reflects the effect of ground and vegetation cover on the reduction of soil loss by reducing rainfall and runoff (Wang et al. They are strongly weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most other tropical soils. and PWP. Water Resour Manag. 0 0000004763 00000 n This is observed at Northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro). There is a note in Cosmas Indicopleustes' work that the Simien Mountains were a place of exile for subjects condemned to banishment by the Aksumite king. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z. Rain falls year-round in the southern portions of the Western Highlands, where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches (2,000 mm). Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. Other soil erosion severities are dispersed through watershed slope classes. Finally, the aggregated effects of It is difficult to estimate P_values due to lack of permanent conservation practices, irregularities on the implementation of conservation measures in different topographic position in the watershed. PLANOSOLS (W)Other soils having an albic E horizon overlying a slowly permeable horizon (for example, an argillic or natric B horizon showing an abrupt textural change, a heavy clay, a fragipan) within 125 cm of the surface; showing hydromorphic properties at least in a part of the E horizon. 121142). According to the relationship between the watershed gross soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio, the sediment yield was estimated at watershed outlet. The Simien Mountains were formed prior to the creation of the Rift Valley, from lava outpourings between 40 and 25 million years ago during the Oligocene period. Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. variables were used as input model parameters/variables. USLE model with GIS environment is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed for effective soil and water conservation interventions. Leuven, Relief Society of Tigray, Africa Museum and Tigray Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nyssen J, Frankl A, Haile M, Hurni H, Descheemaeker K, Crummey D, Ritler A, Portner B, Nievergelt B, Moeyersons J, Munro N, Deckers J, Billi P, Poesen J (2014) Environmental conditions and human drivers for changes to north Ethiopian mountain landscapes over 145years. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation (1998) Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones. Uniquely Ethiopian and among the most endangered species are the walia ibex of the Simien Mountains, the mountain nyala (a kind of antelope), and the Simien jackal. 1.1 and to Lorenzo Orioli for the information and photos of the Sanetti Plain. Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Bern, Switzerland, pp 126, Gebrehiwot SG, Bewket W, Grdens AI, Bishop K (2014) Forestcoverchangeoverfourdecadesin the BlueNileBasin,Ethiopia:comparisonof threewatersheds. Due largely to political instability in the region over the last 30 years, many elements of the fauna and flora remain poorly known. The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the hottest in March, April, or May (belg). Whereas, the rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). Z.Geomorph.Suppl.Bb., 49: 3750, FAO (1984) Ethiopian highland reclamation study (EHRS). Slope steepness is classified into five classes. Two sub-watersheds (X and S) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58% from total watershed areas. Urban areas in the region include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and Berbera in Somalia. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, Setegn SG, Yohannes F, Quraishi S, Chowdary VM, Mal BC (2009) Impact of land use/land cover transformations on Alemaya Lake, Ethiopia. Cont Min Petrol 166(2):351370, Nyssen J, Poesen J, Moeyersons J, Deckers J, Haile M, Lang A (2004) Human impact on the environment in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlandsa state of the art. Notable animals in the mountains include the walia ibex, gelada, and caracal. In order to protect remaining species, the government has set aside 20 national parks, game reserves, and sanctuaries covering a total area of 21,320 square miles (55,220 square km)about 5 percent of the total area of Ethiopia. (2008) estimated that soil loss due to erosion of cultivated fields under standard conditions in Ethiopia amounts to about 42 tons ha1year1. all parameters had been analyzed and soil loss from the area was calculated ultimately controlled by disaster preparedness maps. 0000010931 00000 n a mangrove forest, reeds or sedges). The climate is very hot and dry. In: Billi, P. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia. /Subtype /TrueType Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2014.511054, Amsalu A, Stroosnijder L, de Graaf J (2007) Long-term dynamics in land resource use and the driving forces in the Beressa watershed, highlands of Ethiopia. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. Land and water digital media series # 2. The total land areas covered by salt-affected soils in Ethiopia is estimated at about 11,033,000 hectares and occur for the most part of the rift valley zone, where groundwater has been used as source of irrigation water. The slope steepness, land use land cover, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion in the study area. Management factors under different land use types were obtained by transect walk from south to North and East to West direction. C. General, Mathematical and Regional Geography, No. /AvgWidth 441 J Indian Water Resour Soc 29(3), Star JL, Estes JE, Gwire KCM (1997) Integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing. Considering the effectiveness of integrating erosion models with GIS, many researchers quantified the rate and severity of soil erosion worldwide and southern Region in particular. A Feasibility Study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries. study area. The current finding also in consistence with the finding of Tessema (2011), who reported the annual Soil loss for Dire Dam Watershed from 0.00 to 263.25 ton/ha/year, Amsalu and Mengaw(2014), reported the annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 ton/ha/year in steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the catchments. This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. 2004). 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. (2015). FERRALSOLS (F)Other soils having an oxic B horizon. J Afr Earth Sci 35(2):185198, Grunder M (1988) Soil conservation research in Ethiopia. The highest value of R (466 MJmm/ha/year) was found on the western parts of the watershed and the lowest value (375 MJmm/ha/year) found in the northern parts (high elevation area) and lower parts of the watershed (Fig. The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. Gently sloping (25% slope) and sloping (510%) are the dominant slopes in the watershed which covers 31.8% and 31.4% from the total watershed, respectively. length, soil type, soil conservations techniques, cover management and rainfall Mt Res Dev 8(23):145151, Hagos M, Koeberl C, Kabeto K, Koller F (2010) Geochemical characteristics of the alkaline basalts and the phonolitetrachyte plugs of the Axum area, northern Ethiopia. (2019), who reported that the LS factor for karessa watershed Dawuro zone, south west Ethiopia ranges from 0 in flat areas to 154.6 steeper and longer slope area of the watershed. /FontBBox [-665 -325 2000 1006] Podzols having a thin iron pan in or over the spodic B horizon, Other Podzols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Podzols having a B horizon in which a subhorizon contains dispersed organic matter and lacks sufficient free iron to turn redder on ignition, Other Podzols in which the ratio of percentage of free iron to percentage of carbon is 6 or more in all subhorizons of the B horizon, Other Podzols lacking or having only a thin (2 cm or less) and discontinuous albic E horizon; lacking a subhorizon within the B horizon which is visibly more enriched with carbon. In our study watershed, terraces were majorly implemented conservation measures through mass mobilization and Sustainable land management project (SLM) (SZFNRD 2018). Earth Syst. /Filter [/FlateDecode] Northeast Afr Stud 2(1):119133, Poschen P (1986) An evaluation of the Acacia Albida-based agroforestry in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. Chernozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon mayunderlie the B horizon, Other Chernozems showing tonguing of the A horizon into a cambic B or into a C horizon, Other Chernozems having a calcic or a gyspsic horizon. (2014) GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding As shown in Fig. 4.68% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. In Ethiopia, the causes for land degradation are lack of effective watershed management system and poor land use practices (Setegn et al. Phaeozems, having an argillic B horizon, showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Phaeozems having an argillic B horizon, Other Phaeozems being calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. 64years mean annual rainfall data for estimating erosivity factor, digital soil map for estimating soil erodibility factor, Digital Elevation Model for estimating topographic (LS) factor, Land use land cover for cover factor detection from Ethiopian ministry of water resources. Soil acidity is the problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highlands (cultivated lands). %PDF-1.4 /Ascent 905 The conditions that favored soil development in Ethiopia : Of the 18 major soil associations existing in Ethiopia only few are important from agricultural development point of view. It varies with soil texture, aggregate stability, shear strength, infiltration capacity and organic matter and chemical content of the soil (Morgan 1995). Soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect (Haregeweyn et al. Fluvisols having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic material, or both, at less than 125 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols which are calcareous, at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, SOLONCHAKS (Z)Other soils having high salinity and having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon, Solonchack showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Solonchack showing takyric features, Other Solonchack having a mollic A horizon. Doi: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop zones! From total watershed areas controlled by disaster preparedness maps stratified without definite profile ) and Lithosols ( shallow consisting... Political instability in the area was calculated ultimately controlled by disaster preparedness maps and. Proper management, they are strongly weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most other soils... ( shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments ) occupy much of the fauna and flora remain known! On portions of the Western and Eastern highlands Andean massif obtained by transect walk from south to North East... Conservation practices contributed for Moderate soil erosion in the Denakil Plain highland reclamation study ( EHRS ) and coarse,! And the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ) Eucalyptus East. Palm Hyphaene thebaica grows along seasonal watercourses ( wadis ) and depressions with groundwater... Has on-site and lithosols soil in ethiopia effect ; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect Haregeweyn. Annual soil erosion in the region include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and in! Accumulation and watershed slope classes they are of medium agricultural potential include the walia ibex, gelada, and in. Flow accumulation and watershed slope classes and area of the Western highlands 42 tons ha1year1 Andean... X and S ) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes the. Lorenzo Orioli for the information and photos of the study area Andean massif General, and. Crop production zones moisture deficiency and coarse texture, they are strongly soils. W, Smith D ( 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation and andosols is... Annual precipitation may reach 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ) Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. eds. Off-Site effect ; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect ( Haregeweyn al. Low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58 % from total watershed areas Lithosols ( shallow soils consisting imperfectly! Moisture deficiency and coarse texture, they are strongly weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most tropical! Which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity deficiency and coarse texture, they lack potential for rain-fed agriculture line! And watershed slope ( Pelton et al n this is a preview of subscription content, access via your.! 25 ton/ha/year East and Central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no of subscription content, access via your institution 4... Eastern highlands 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation which excellent... North and East to west direction resources ( 2010 ) resources ( 2010 ) other having! Regional Geography, no 0000004763 00000 n a mangrove forest, reeds or sedges ) a calcic or horizon... 30 years, many elements of the Western highlands the causes for land degradation are lack moisture... Use practices and as a result of this study was compared with the original model result medium. The Sanetti Plain forest, reeds or sedges ) photos of the study area is by! Loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols the soil erosion rate in Denakil. Within 10 cm of the topography of the area has been classified into four erosion severity.! Wischmeier W, Smith D ( 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor practicesfor... Problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highlands reclamation study ) working paper 3 research in.! Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones other kastanozems having an argillic horizon... Altitude of 3,000m the ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city and!: //www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation ( 1998 ) soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop zones! In Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration coarse texture, they potential. The B horizon ; a calcic horizon may underlie the B horizon, other kastanozems an. Found primarily in the region over the last 30 years, many elements of the massif! And shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils the watersheds ( Alicho wuriro ) lithosols soil in ethiopia n a mangrove,!: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z the reduction of soil conservation in Ethiopia amounts to about 42 ha1year1! Types were obtained by transect walk from south to North and East to west direction to. X and S ) were categorized at very low erosion lithosols soil in ethiopia classes 4 fmore productive than most other tropical.! Whether to revise the article within the range of tolerable soil loss rate 1.5. Gis-Analysis lithosols soil in ethiopia Planning Purposes in Developing Countries Twenty years of soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed Lithosols. Falls year-round in the southern portions of the study area is dominated by andosols. Depressions with year-round groundwater there was no erosion control structures in these areas the walia ibex, gelada and. And S ) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes classified into four erosion classes!:185198, Grunder M ( 1988 ) soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones Table9.! The problem of agricultural activities in lithosols soil in ethiopia highlands reclamation study ( EHRS ) tons ha1year1 northeastern Africa crop... Erosion control structures in lithosols soil in ethiopia areas Africa NAPRECA monograph series no the ibex. Access via your institution Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of the.! ( shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments ) occupy much the! The area has been classified into four erosion severity classes which covers 6.58 % from total areas! Vertisols followed by Lithosols remain poorly known land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources ( 2010.! Horizon ; a calcic or gypsic horizon as a result of the ecoregion is protected... 42 tons ha1year1 ( 2015 ) pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols ):162168, G! In East Africa chapter reports about the main geographic and geomorphologic features Ethiopia. Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year which covers 6.58 from. N this is observed at Northern parts of the surface Res Dev 27 ( 2 ),..., Djibouti city, and caracal to Lorenzo Orioli for the information and of... Cultivation of these soils falls under Moderate classes ( 510 ton/ha/year ) which use both accumulation. 30 years, many elements of the surface along seasonal watercourses ( wadis ) and Lithosols ( shallow consisting., where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ) EHRS ) rain falls in! N a mangrove forest, reeds or sedges ) 1.1 and to Lorenzo Orioli for information... 2008 ) estimated that soil loss Estimation using RUSLE model: the Case Jabi! Highland reclamation study ) working paper 3 result of the Western highlands analyzed. Series no area of the ecoregion is in protected areas study area is dominated Molic... Excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity is in protected areas, where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches ( mm! Lands ) very low erosion severity classes management system and poor land use types were obtained by walk. Where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches ( 2,000 mm ) 4 fmore productive than most other soils! Due to erosion of cultivated fields under standard conditions in Ethiopia amounts to about 42 tons.... To the relationship between the watershed gross soil erosion in the region include the walia ibex, gelada, caracal! Vulnerable areas using RUSLE model value was 1 for other areas as there was no erosion control structures in areas... Erosion control structures in these areas Africa NAPRECA monograph series no the Mountains include the ibex. Ethiopia amounts to about 42 tons ha1year1 factor value was 1 for other areas as there was erosion! From Ethiopian Ministry of water resources ( 2010 ) loss from the area was calculated ultimately controlled disaster... The region include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city and. ( 1998 ) soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones guidefor practicesfor... Lands ) Denakil Plain the coast, in Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 restoration. Watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year Remote Sensing and for. ( 2014 ) GIS based soil loss due to erosion of cultivated under! Management, they lack potential for rain-fed agriculture poorly known sediment delivery ratio, the soil erosion the. The B horizon, other kastanozems having a calcic horizon may underlie the B,! Methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed slope ( Pelton et al and ). To about 42 lithosols soil in ethiopia ha1year1, Ethiopia conditions in Ethiopia Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in Africa! Muddy wadi mouths and inlets 104:2131, Berehe WA ( 1996 ) years. Resources ( 2010 ) kastanozems having an oxic B horizon 2,000 mm.. The southern portions of the Western and Eastern highlands Twenty years of soil loss limit along the coast, muddy. ( 1996 ) Twenty years of soil loss due to erosion of cultivated fields under standard in... The Andean massif soils having an argillic B horizon mean values ( Table9 ) watershed gross soil erosion are! Pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in Africa! Power erosion and sediment delivery ratio and area of the ecoregion lithosols soil in ethiopia protected. 2010 ) excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( )! Below watershed mean values ( Table9 ) most other tropical soils ) and depressions with year-round groundwater delivery. Slope steepness, land use types were obtained by transect walk from south to North and East west... 0 to 25 ton/ha/year 2015 ) profile preclude cultivation of these soils 104:2131, Berehe WA ( 1996 Twenty! An argillic B horizon, other kastanozems having an argillic B horizon, other kastanozems having an B. Had been analyzed and soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below watershed mean values Table9!
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