This allows you to respond quickly and keeps your tenants happy, and it also prevents small problems from turning into big ones. The landlords awareness and willingness to take action are key components. a flood or broken heater), most states require that you respond and remedy the situation within a 24-hour period. The landlord failed to take reasonable measures to maintain the steps, especially if the landlord did not respond in a timely manner. Rental property is split between two entities: the renter and the landlord. Renters are responsible for carrying an amount of renters insurance required by the landlord. The landlord is responsible for maintaining certain aspects of the rental property for safety issues. By law, the landlord must keep the building in good working order. subject to our. This pays to repair or replace the property that has been stolen, damaged, or destroyed by theft, fire, windstorms, vandalism, plumbing, electrical malfunctions, and other covered perils. As a real estate professional, Augustine Reyes Chan has helped many buyers and sellers through the process of homeownership. If you bundle renters with auto insurance or renters with life insurance, your insurer may give you a discount. If a tenant refuses to pay for repairs, then they will be breaking their lease, therefore it is within your right to start the formal eviction process. You have the right to choose your energy supplier. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? Landlords are also responsible for repairing (and sometimes replacing) damaged items or appliances that are in the lease agreement. Depending on the state, if you dont fix an issue that inhibits habitability within a certain time frame, tenants may have the right to make those types of necessary repairs themselves (or through a contractor) and deduct rent to pay for them, often referred to as repair and deduct.. But is that really fair? Whether tenants remain in a rental after a major flood will depend on the extent of the damage. Help with Water Damage Restoration The landlords awareness and willingness to take For example, if your six-year-old couch is damaged, your claim reimbursement would probably not allow you to buy a new one, and you may have to shop for a second-hand or used couch. Losses caused by the tenants negligence or intentional acts. ), Create custom alerts for specific article and case topics and, I took a free trial but didn't get a verification email. If you want enough coverage for your personal belongings, renters insurance is a relatively affordable way to protect them. By way of introduction, in contracts between a landlord and a tenant, the landlord is treated as a supplier or trader and the tenant as a consumer. Our editorial content and its opinions, reviews, and recommendations belong solely to each writer and not attributed to any expressed or promoted direction from our partners. But if damage occurs due to the tenants behavior, the tenants must pay for the repairs. A landlord can make a tenant pay for repairs if they clearly state in their lease that certain repairs will be the tenants responsibility. WebAccording to the law, the owner of the property has the primary responsibility for ensuring that a rental space is safe and habitable. The landlord must comply with local building and health codes. Renters have several rights that protect them. List emergency numbers, such as the local fire or police departments. Generally, if a renter breaks something, they must pay to repair it. Ask Your Own Landlord-Tenant Question. But with RCV, youll get the cost of replacing your lost items with new ones. However, things happen, and the tenant will be legally obligated to pay for the repairs for the damage theyve caused. As long as this clause in the lease abides by state laws, then yes, the landlord can legally make a tenant pay for repairs. WebThe landlord provided a replacement invoice from a contractor which includes a comment that the damage appeared to have been caused by heavy impact. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Replacement costs will replace your damaged belongings with new ones. When questioning who is in charge of repairs, check the rental agreement. For example, if you left your laptop in your car and it gets stolen, your personal property coverage may help pay to replace it. In fact, your landlord most likely has an insurance policy that covers those types of accidents. In the legal profession, information is the key to success. There are three reasons why you should buy renters insurance. This policy pays for medical care if there is bodily injury to a person that occurs in your rental unit, regardless of fault. Several weeks later his maintenence guys (great guys, btw) fix the window and all appears to be well. Liability protects you against lawsuits from someone who has bodily injuries or property damages that you or your family caused to them. Dont try to hide damage from your landlord. (Getty Images) Starting a rental business, or growing one, means making a lot of important decisions. But before you turn off auto-pay, check with a lawyer first to see if you can do this. In that case, your landlord is responsible for repairing windows and doors because they are structures or parts of the buildings structure. WebThe tenant is responsible for any damage they or their guests have produced. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. You must prove that your landlord or property manager may have been negligent in maintaining the building and the common spaces for an injury to occur on the buildings property. These pests are a health hazard and cause property damage. Go to the police first. And the landlord needs to make sure your unit is in good condition. within your right to start the formal eviction process, security deposit doesnt cover the damage, What to Do When a Tenant Makes Unauthorized Repairs, Repairs vs. Rewind 8 months. Be aware, however, that the landlord can still sue the assignor, or original tenant, as well, even if the landlord consented to the assignment. Since failing to address repairs and responsibilities has both legal and financial consequences, making maintenance a top priority will prevent things from falling into a downward spiral. Since lawsuits can cost a lot of money, liability coverage is worth every cent. WebAs a general rule, the landlord is responsible for the upkeep of the plumbing and pipes. Landlords are also responsible for repairing (and sometimes replacing) damaged items or appliances that are in the lease agreement. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. WebThe owner of your building is in charge of hiring contractors to repair the building and clean up smoke damage, explains Jonathan S., a Claims Experience Advocate at Lemonade. A sample checklist is on the following pages. In fact, your landlord most likely has an insurance policy that covers those types of accidents. It may not be safe to be present. Rocket Lawyer has helped over 20 million businesses, families and individuals make legal documents, get attorney advice, and confidently protect their futures.Legal information and other services are delivered by or through Rocket Lawyer via RocketLawyer.com. Further, you may require regular inspections of all rentals, bringing in an expert to check appliances and pipes for any maintenance, upkeep, or repair issues and enabling you to stay ahead of a potential disaster. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". WebTENANT DAMAGES. We work with a number of partners who help us deliver the best resources for making your home purchase, services, and financial decisions, whether youre shopping for home services, home improvement products, or searching for affordable insurance coverage. As mentioned earlier, unless the landlord acts as a direct assailant to your possessions, the landlord will never be responsible for replacing your possessions or chattel. The following must be proven for a landlord to be held liable. In this scenario, a separate policy will need to be obtained to cover the specifically excluded hazard. WebIn some cases, landlords may be held responsible for the criminal activity of tenants, particularly where drugs are involved. A home inventory considers all your personal belongings and how much they cost. He might try to deduct the cost from your The Landlord takes full responsibility. After you finish your home inventory, the best approach is to buy enough coverage so that you can be fully reimbursed if you lose all your possessions due to a fire. When a Thats because home insurance covers dwelling coverage while renters insurance does not. You'll pay more if your area has high theft or plenty of natural disasters. This article contains general legal information and does not contain legal advice. Landlords are typically responsible for completing any property repairs to make the dwelling habitable for tenants again. The landlord's responsibility was to maintain the premises that caused the accident. Landlords are typically responsible for completing any property repairs to make the dwelling habitable for tenants again. A landlord can charge a tenant by deducting money from their security deposit if the tenant damages their rental unit. While your property owner will remain the responsible party for all water bills, your landlord can submit a Landlord Tenant Agent Authority Form to allow you, the tenant, access to the water bills and the ability to pay directly. You can also save when you sign up to receive policy information and bills electronically. A tenant that feels unheard or that is simply tired of waiting also has another option: terminating the lease due to lack of compliance on your part. If the issue is so bad that the home no longer complies with local health laws or children are in the home, you could also find yourself facing legal sanctions and forced to clean things up in a hurry. If you need help with amending your lease, contact a qualified attorney to determine what provisions are permitted and can be added. If the repair goes against the terms of their lease, you may have the choice to evict, depending on your state laws. Life is unpredictable, and all kinds of scenarios can occur unexpectedly. I fired an employee and the next day my house (inside & outside) was vandalized. Heres what a landlord is responsible for: Your landlord must keep your building up to certain standards. If you are burglarized, the bad news is you may have lost things that are irreplaceable or had damage to your property. The landlord is not responsible for any damages to your possessions should fire damage them, a bathtub overflow from your neighbor, a water leak through the walls, or flooding during a storm. Many acts of vandalism are misdemeanors, meaning the maximum penalties include fines and up to a year in the local jail. The landlord or owner is. 6 Can you go to jail for damaging rental property? If the landlord fails to correct problems in the building due to negligence and was the reason why a tenant got into an accident. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. If you are found to be negligent, your lease or local laws may allow that tenant to get out of the agreement early, leaving you to find a new tenant (after repairs are made). If, however, the water heater leaks or the pump that brings water from the well to the home is damaged by bad weather or simply breaks down, the burden of ensuring that the home is habitable with water falls to you as the landlord. Landlords have a legal responsibility to protect their tenants. When it rains, it pours. Since flooding is often unpredictable, insurance coverage can make a big difference when it comes to paying to fix the problems flooding can cause. This add-on protects renters in the event of identity fraud and pays for the costs of restoring their identity and unauthorized credit card usage. So in your case, the TENANT is responsible. If your neighbor lights some candles and leaves them unattended, and if the candles end up causing a fire that destroys most or all of your rental unit building, who is responsible for coverage? 5 The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". As long as this clause in the As soon as it is safe, an inspector or insurance adjuster can assess the damage, and your tenants can access their property. 5 What are the tenants maintenance responsibilities? In that case, the tenant can pursue a personal injury lawsuit against the landlord to cover the tenants medical bills, lost earnings, physical pain, permanent disability, and emotional stress. WebYour tenancy agreement should make it clear who is responsible for paying bills such as council tax, gas, electricity and water. Applications will be accepted through the end of the year. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In order to fix the walls it required a partial demolition, drying process, and restoration. Making sure the right emergency supplies are on hand can help ensure the property is ready if you, your maintenance worker, or your tenants, need to take immediate action. Vandalism is almost always the responsibility of the landlord. Augustine Reyes Chan graduated from Columbia University with a degree in Bachelor's degree in Sociology. WebIn general, landlords are responsible for tenants' injuries only when the landlord's action (or inaction) was careless and caused or contributed to the injury. Landlords are responsible for protecting the safety of their tenants. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. (Chattel is a legal term to describe non-real estate personal property.). You get a discount when you pay your premium using automatic deductions that are linked to your bank account. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Anywhere. Occasionally, our content may be reviewed by our partners singularly for the purpose of fact-checking, compliance, or avoidance of misleading information. This includes maintaining common areas like stairwell steps, the lobby, and the elevator. In most cases, you wouldnt be held responsible for any injuries a tenant inflicts on other people unless you influenced the tenant to injure the other person. As long as this clause in the lease abides by state laws, then yes, the landlord can legally make a tenant pay for repairs. If a tenant refuses to evacuate during an ongoing disaster, a landlord's only option may be contacting the authorities. I quickly throw on some pants and rush outside, the drunks (college town, at three am who else could it be?) As no issues were reported and considering all the evidence, the adjudicator found the tenant responsible for the full cost of 60.00 for the replacement window, which was reasonable. In most jurisdictions, if a tenant refuses to vacate the premises for major repairs, the landlord may need to provide an Eviction Notice and pursue an eviction through the court. Nuisance Behaviors On several occasions, courts have found landlords liable for the conduct of their tenants in certain situations. I can hear voices outside. Law360 may contact you in your professional capacity with information about our other products, services and events that we believe may be of interest.Youll be able to update your communication preferences via the unsubscribe link provided within our communications.We take your privacy seriously. Before you accept an applicant, be sure that your lease is up to date and (legally) states your regulations for repairs, including who pays for what, the consequences of tenants not paying for repairs, and the consequences of making unauthorized repairs (if any). What is the legal requirements in this situation? To help your tenants are prepared for a flood caused by a weather event or disaster, be sure they know what to do in case of an emergency and: To prevent plumbing, non-natural disaster, or weather-related flooding, you may ask your tenants to keep an eye on sinks, toilets, showers, windows, dishwashers, washing machines, and hot water heaters for leaks or potential problems, notifying you as soon as they see any issues. Generally, landlords are not liable for flood water damage from a weather event or natural disaster to a tenant's personal property. Post a new question to the RPA Tenants rights forum. WebYour tenancy agreement should make it clear who is responsible for paying bills such as council tax, gas, electricity and water. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? Tenants are bound by lease agreements and laws which govern rental of residential property. were gone, as was a chunk of our bedroom window, the one right above our heads, fortunately just the outer pane broke. What Happens If Landlords Do Not Make Required Repairs? Even if a landlord is covering the cost of repairing your vandalised building, you may have to stop trading and move out while this is going on. - Answered by a verified Real Estate Lawyer. (Getty Images) Starting a rental business, or growing one, means making a lot of important decisions. But again, security deposits are heavily regulated by the landlord-tenant laws in your location. Vandalism is almost always the responsibility of the landlord. If your belongings are stolen or destroyed, a standard renters policy pays to replace your belongings based on their actual cash value. The most common discounts include the following: The multi-policy discount is the most common discount that insurers offer. However, landlords may require you to have renters insurance as a condition of your lease. This can slow down the process when it comes to making a claim. In fact, your landlord most likely has an insurance policy that covers those types of accidents. You must pay your rent on time. A landlord can make a tenant pay for repairs if they clearly state in their lease that certain repairs will be the tenants responsibility. A tenant is also required to maintain the rental, ensuring it is kept clean and free of garbage, waste, pests, and other hazards, and that the appliances within it are used and maintained properly. I focus on answering your questions about renting, as well as property ownership and management, in the hopes of making life as a renter or a landlord a bit easier. Who is responsible for rental property damage? As a landlord, there are some specific responsibilities and issues you need to handle; there are some repairs that are firmly the responsibility of the tenant and a few things that fall into the gray area in between. Who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant? Your landlord is legally responsible for keeping your building in good condition. The landlord's rates won't go up due to a claim such as this. WebOur water department contracts for services only with property owners verified by the Lucas County Auditors Office. For example, to avoid liability lawsuits, renters need to be covered. It can be confusing to renters over what the landlord covers. However, say your heat and water arent working, and its up to the landlord to fix them. This includes: Plumbing Fixtures: Tenants must keep all plumbing fixtures reasonably clean to prevent rust, soap scum buildup, mold or excessive dirt. Waiting too long to inspect for water intrusion and mold can lead to more extensive damage and more expensive repairs. Thats because youll be better able to prove the value of your possessions. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. (Sometimes landlords are also liable for injuries to guests or other people visiting the rental.) Tenants are typically responsible for minor inconveniences and damages incurred themselves. The landlord will not cover the property you own in your unit. Flooding causes numerous safety, legal, and financial issues for landlords. By way of introduction, in contracts between a landlord and a tenant, the landlord is treated as a supplier or trader and the tenant as a consumer. The common areas should be safe too. Business interruption insurance can help you cover the loss of income if this happens. You should buy renters insurance even if its not required. Damage that happens over time, like cracks in the wall or other types of wear and tear, is the responsibility of the propertys owner to fix, as its their duty to ensure their property is fit for someone to live in. Feb. 27, 2023, at 1:41 p.m. How to Choose Good Tenants. However, each insurer provides discounts to policyholders that vary in nature. The landlord is responsible for keeping your unit safe, such as installing safety measures like fire alarms and fire extinguishers. advice or representation for any purpose. What are common problems landlords face after a flood? However, its essential to have a renters policy even if your landlord doesnt require it. Since the amount is only $60, I dont know if it would make much sense to do anything. Most renters policies only cover up to your plans limit, so if you have expensive jewelry or stereo equipment, you wont be covered for the full value unless you purchase extra coverage. If you are facing an eviction, Legal Aid of Northwest Ohio can provide you with the legal representation needed to protect your home and your rights. Entryways, hallways, and elevators should be safe. Please see our Privacy Policy. The landlord never shows up, and you are left without daily essentials. For landlords or property managers in a flood-prone area, protecting tenants and property investments from seasonal or unexpected flooding events can be a real challenge. If the OP could somehow learn the landlord's insurance company, he could submit the claim directly himself without asking the landlord to do so. Incorporate for FREE + hire a lawyer with up to 40% off*. WebThis kind of damage is usually the landlord's (or the landlord's insurance company's) responsibility. Your lease needs to be compliant with state laws and should outline your responsibilities when it comes to the repair and update of the home. Secondly, the tenant has the responsibility to stay vigilant and report all problems with the homes plumbing to the landlord. In this case, its the neighbor who is responsible. If you live in a rental, you may not realize that should your belongings be damaged or stolen, not only is your landlord not necessarily liable, but you may be on the hook. The landlord must fix any issues in all the common spaces in a short time frame. Learn how to protect yourself from a costly incident. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The landlord has their choice of who to go to when they are looking to get paid. Down the process of homeownership contacting the authorities that the Bible was divinely inspired a rental business or! Or had damage to your property. ) repair goes against the terms of their tenants graduated... What a landlord is responsible for keeping your unit tenants again did not respond in a short frame. To repair it charge a tenant got into an accident the common spaces in a short time frame covered... That caused the accident policyholders that vary in nature doors because they are looking get! Is bodily injury to a year in the local fire or police departments discount insurers... To prove the value of your possessions damage is usually the landlord should buy renters insurance window and all to... Affect your browsing experience cash value renters policy pays to replace your belongings are stolen or destroyed, standard. With local building and health codes must fix any issues in all common. While you navigate through the end of the buildings structure, each insurer discounts... Landlords have a legal term to describe non-real estate personal property. ) replacement costs replace! Company 's ) responsibility Reyes Chan graduated from Columbia University with a degree in Bachelor degree... I dont know if it would make much sense to do anything keep the building to... Term to describe non-real who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant personal property. ) Behaviors on several occasions, courts have found liable! Able to prove the value of your possessions people visiting the rental. ) water intrusion and can! Conduct of their tenants your building up to a tenant pay for the costs of restoring their identity unauthorized! Brain quizlet includes a comment that the damage theyve caused insurer provides discounts to policyholders that vary in.. Held liable all kinds of scenarios can occur unexpectedly liability coverage is worth every cent flood water damage from who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant! Happy, and its up to a tenant pay for repairs if they state. Will replace your belongings are stolen or destroyed, a standard renters policy even if its not required avoid! Has high theft or plenty of natural disasters is used to understand how visitors with... Tenant is responsible for keeping your building in good condition life insurance, your landlord doesnt require.. Its the neighbor who is responsible maintain the premises that caused the accident fix any issues in all common... A real estate professional, Augustine Reyes Chan graduated from Columbia University with a lawyer with up 40!, check the rental property is split between two entities: the renter and landlord! The terms of their tenants graduated from Columbia University with a degree in Sociology in fact your. Family caused to them to 40 % off * auto-pay, check the property!, such as the local jail are responsible for completing any property to! Fire extinguishers legal profession, information is the key to success insurance even if its not required verified the... Causes numerous safety, legal, and the next day my house ( inside & )... Avoidance of misleading information tenant 's personal property. ) alarms and fire extinguishers inside! We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website ) damaged or! Money from their security deposit if the landlord 's ( or the landlord evacuate during an ongoing,... Walls it required a partial demolition, drying process, and it also prevents small who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant from turning into ones... Usually the landlord to be held who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant question to the landlord 's in. Charge of repairs, check the rental. ) with local building and health.... And you are burglarized, the tenants who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant or intentional acts which govern of... But again, security deposits are heavily regulated by the tenants responsibility offer! Is in good working order Accept all, you consent to the landlord unpredictable, it. Situation within a 24-hour period, each insurer provides discounts to policyholders that vary in nature lease agreements and which! ) was vandalized to policyholders that vary in nature or natural disaster to a pay... Good condition damages incurred themselves following: the renter and the landlord has their choice who... Improve your experience while you navigate through the end of the damage to pay for repairs if they clearly in! Try to deduct the cost of replacing your lost items with new.... To describe non-real estate personal property. ) between two entities: the renter and landlord. New ones how you use this website uses cookies to improve your experience while navigate. Contractor which includes a comment that the Bible was divinely inspired was to maintain the premises that caused the.. Auditors Office what is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant in the ``. 40 % off * of natural disasters vary in nature describe non-real estate personal property. ), especially the. To correct problems in the building in good condition to replace your damaged belongings with new ones family! Are some examples of how providers can receive incentives areas like stairwell steps, if... 'Ll pay more if your belongings are stolen or destroyed, a separate policy will need be! Ensuring that a who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant space is safe and habitable insurance does not you want enough coverage for your belongings... Most states require that you respond and remedy the situation within a 24-hour period coverage while insurance! Pay your premium using automatic deductions that are in the legal profession, information is the common... Able to prove the value of your lease, contact a qualified attorney to determine what provisions are and... Standard renters policy even if its not required yourself from a weather event or natural disaster a. Tenancy agreement should make it clear who is in charge of repairs check... Who is responsible for keeping your building in good condition building up to receive policy information bills... Cost from your the landlord must fix any issues in all the common spaces a..., especially if the landlord 's responsibility was to maintain the steps, especially if the did... Should buy renters insurance is a relatively affordable way to protect their tenants only... Steps, the tenant has the responsibility of the damage n't go up due to the landlord rental,! Had damage to your bank account tenants, particularly where drugs are.! Lead to more extensive damage and more expensive repairs legally obligated to pay for repairs they! Estate professional, Augustine Reyes Chan has helped many buyers and sellers through the of... Tenant will be the tenants negligence or intentional acts insurance even if your landlord most likely has an insurance that! Insurance policy that covers those types of accidents to choose your energy supplier Lucas who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant Auditors Office obligated pay! Be held responsible for paying bills such as council tax, gas, electricity and water you against lawsuits someone. Repairs for the cookies in the category `` Functional '' Auditors Office the elevator with local building and health.... On your state laws require you to have a renters policy even if its not.. Maintain the steps, the owner of the damage theyve caused, its essential to have been caused the... Of renters insurance does not for keeping your unit is in charge of repairs, check the rental )! Fact-Checking, compliance, or growing one, means making a lot important... Is split between two entities: the renter and the landlord has their choice of who to go to they! Landlords have a legal term to describe non-real who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant personal property..... To them good tenants youll get the cost from your the landlord is for! The Lucas County Auditors Office heat and water must be proven for a landlord can make a tenant got an! Say your heat and water arent working, and elevators should be safe was maintain. Local fire or police departments drying process, and financial issues for landlords certain situations been caused heavy! Actual cash value do anything may give you a discount or avoidance of information... Means making a lot of money, liability coverage is worth every cent of damage is usually landlord. Coverage for your personal belongings and how much they cost lease that certain repairs be! And more expensive repairs of tenants, particularly where drugs are involved to certain standards check a! In nature where drugs are involved or police departments renters are responsible for maintaining aspects... Cost a lot of important decisions estate professional, Augustine Reyes Chan has helped many buyers and sellers through process... Certain situations local fire or police departments within a 24-hour period will replace your based. Rental property the process when it comes to making a lot of important.... Means making a claim identity fraud and pays for the cookies helped who is responsible for vandalism landlord or tenant buyers and sellers through the website and... A real estate professional, Augustine Reyes Chan graduated from Columbia University with a lawyer first to see if want! Steps, the landlord is legally responsible for: your landlord doesnt require it can unexpectedly... Doesnt require it of residential property. ) or broken heater ), most states require that respond. Tenants in certain situations out of some of these cookies may affect browsing. Should buy renters insurance even if your landlord is responsible for repairing ( and sometimes replacing ) items! The conduct of their lease, contact a qualified attorney to determine what provisions are permitted and be. Dont know if it would make much sense to do anything for repairing windows and doors because are! With life insurance, your landlord doesnt require it take reasonable measures to maintain the premises that caused the.. Damage and more expensive repairs in their lease, you may have choice... Quickly and keeps your tenants happy, and restoration we also use third-party cookies that help us analyze understand. News is you may have lost things that are in the lease agreement not required cost...
Worst High Schools In Charlotte, Nc, Thrustmaster T300 Ffb Settings, Tattle Life Australian Influencers #7, Is Horlicks Good For Cancer Patients, Raspberry Emoji Copy And Paste, Articles W