Galen and Dioscorides (who had used the Graeco-Roman weight system) were among the most important authorities, but also Arabic physicians, whose works were systematically translated into Latin. Siliqua is Latin for the seed of the carob tree. [39] E.g. The subdivision of apothecaries' weight in the unified system was essentially the same as that for gold, silver, coins and silk. The weight and subdivision of the pound in the Holy Roman Empire was reformed by Charlemagne, but in the Byzantine Empire it remained essentially the same. Mai 1816 aufgehoben. The apothecary system is primarily used by physicians and pharmacists to write _____ _____. Apothecaries' weight definition, a system of weights used chiefly in compounding and dispensing drugs: 20 grains = 1 scruple (℈); 3 scruples = 1 dram (dr); 8 drams = 1 ounce); 12 ounces = 1 pound. Hauschild, Zur Geschichte des deutschen Maß- und Münzwesens, p. 67. In the time before the French Revolution, the civil pound also played the role of the apothecaries' pound in the French apothecaries' system, which otherwise remained a standard system of the Romance (24 grains per scruple) type. The English version of the system is closely related with the English troy system of weights, the pound and grain being exactly the same in both. For a long time, medical recipes were written in Latin, often using special symbols to denote weights and measures. The grain, ounce, and pound are the same as in troy weight, the grain alone being the same as in avoirdupois weight. As of 1800 all German states and cities except Lübeck (which had the Dutch troy standard) followed the Nuremberg standard. The confusing variety of definitions and conversions for pounds and ounces is covered elsewhere in a table of pound definitions. It seems that many apothecaries did not follow this reduction by 2%. In some countries other units of the original system remained in use, for example in Spain the obolo and siliqua. You just clipped your first slide! §4 of the law that introduced this reform said: "Further, a pharmaceutical weight deviating from the civil weight does not take place." Since an avoirdupois ounce corresponds to 28.35 g, the proposed system was very similar to that in use in Portugal and Spain, and in some locations in Italy. chained_bear commented on the word apothecary. Apothecaries' system; apothecaries' unit; apothecaries' weight; ... apothecary rose; apothecary roses; apothecary shop; apothecary vase; apothecary's; apothecary in English translation and definition "apothecary", Dictionary English-English online. apothecary (n.). ", History of Italy during foreign domination and the unification, "Preparing and dispensing descriptions during the Civil War Era", "Vorschlag zu Abänderung unseres gegenwärtigen bestehenden und zu Einführung eines gemeinsamen teutschen Medicinalgewichts", "Le comté de Champagne et de Brie au Moyen Âge – Les foires de Champagne", "The Maze of Medieval Mint Metrology in Flanders, France and England: Determining the Weight of the Marc de Troyes and the Tower Pound from the Economics of Counterfeiting, 1388-1469", "Was ist ein Gran? However, the Medicinals Act of 1858 completely abolished the apothecaries' system in favour of the standard Avoirdupois system. The existence of a unit called aureo, the equivalent of 1​1⁄2 dramme, is interesting because 6 aurei were 9 dramme. [33], The use of Latin ensured that the recipes could be read by an international audience. 1. ), In the Romance speaking part of Europe the scruple was divided in 24 grains, in the rest of Europe in 20 grains. The letters "ss" are an abbreviation for the Latin "semis" meaning "half", which were sometimes written with a ß. The basic apothecaries' system consists of the units pound, ounce and scruple from the classical Roman weight system, together with the originally Greek drachm and a new subdivision of the scruple into either 20 ("barley") or 24 ("wheat") grains (Latin: grana). [37], The measure and weight systems for the large mainland part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies were unified in 1840. [70], Another reform in 1856 increased the civil pound from 467.711 g to 500.000 g (the German civil pound defined by the Zollverein), as a first step towards metrication. But in both cases apothecaries continued to use the Nuremberg standard unofficially for a long time after it became illegal. In or relating to the apothecaries' system of measures. "Die Normalgaben der Arzneien nach dem Unzen- und Grammen-Gewicht, zugleich als Repetitorium der Arzneimittellehre, von Dr. F.L. (Persuasion, by Jane Austen) He had been at the pains of consulting Mr. Perry, the apothecary, on the subject. For medical purposes the tcheky (approx. Quick definition. The Flemish troy pound became the standard for the gold and apothecaries' system in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands; it was also used in this way in Lübeck. During the Habsburg reign of 1814–1859 an exception was made for Venice; as a result the extreme weights of 301 g and 420 g coexisted within one state and in immediate proximity. The English version of the system is closely related with the English troy system of weights, the pound and grain being exactly the same in both. It has two divisions of measurement: weight and volume. [11][12] In old merchants' handbooks, the former system is sometimes referred to as the pharmaceutical system and distinguished from the apothecaries' system.[1][13][14]. it was increased by 7%, and it was now very close to the troy standards. This innovation was first used in the united British pharmacopœia of 1864. (The London troy pound was referred to as the 'trooisch pond', after metrification. Most people chose this as the best definition of apothecaries-measure: A system of liquid volume... See the dictionary meaning, pronunciation, and sentence examples. Even so, the modern U.K. fluid ounce is 4% less than the US fluid ounce, and the same is true for the smaller units. [63] The apothecaries' pound of 360 g was also adopted in Lübeck, where it was official as of 1861. Medical Definition of apothecaries' measure : a system of liquid units of measure used in compounding medical prescriptions that include the gallon, pint, fluid ounce, fluid dram, and minim Comments on apothecaries' measure What made you … If the faculty find that the apothecary system is not being used in their institutions, they may wish to omit the apothecary equivalents and conversion shown in Table 2-1. The weight of an apothecaries' pound was 345.1 g in Spain and 344.2 g in Portugal. In Prussia, a reform in 1816 defined the Prussian civil pound in terms of the Prussian foot and distilled water. For a long time, medical recipes were written in Latin, often using special symbols to denote weights and measures. An apothecary’s shop was full of various cures, most of which he prepared himself. Each of these words can be traced back to a Latin word for “storehouse” (apotheca), and each one refers in English to a retail establishment of some sort. The Netherlands were partially metricated when they were French, in the years 1810–1813. The Amsterdam Pound of two marks, used in commerce, weighed 10,280 assen, while the Amsterdam Troy pound weighed 10,240 assen, i.e. In the south of Europe and in France, the scruple was generally divided into 24 grains, so that one ounce consisted of 576 grains. 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