2. What 2 actions are performed by the muscularis? The function of the digestive system is to break down the foods you eat, release their nutrients, and absorb those nutrients into the body. Each of the quizzes below includes 15 multiple-choice style questions. blood of the gastric venous blood is slightly alkaline due to movement of HCO3-, NT and hormones bind to their receptos on basolateral surface of parietal cells to directly stimulate or inhibit HCl secretion, some NT and hormones bind to receptors on the surface nearby ECLcells, how does acetylcholine stimulate HCl secretion, released by parasympathetic fibers (vagus nerve), peptide hormone released from antral G cells, it blocks histamines effect on H2 receptors, how does histamine stimulate HCl secretion, released from ECL cells and acts in paracrine fashion on H2 receptors on parietal cells to stimulate HCl secretion, what other factors stimulate histamine release, blocks H2 receptors and reduces HCl secretion, how does somatostatin inhibit HCl secretion, released from antral D cells and inhibits actions of ECL cells, G cells, and parietal cells to decrease histamine, gastrin, HCl secretion, how do prostaglandins inhibit HCl secretion, decrease prostaglandin synthesis and increases HCl secretion through disinhibition, environmental stimuli (smell, taste, conditioning)traveling to brain that produces reflex activation of parasympathetic circuits (vagus), several gastric stimuli produce large reflex increase in HCl secretion, products of protein digestion in the duodenum stimulate some continued secretion of gastrin by G cells, parasympathetic stimulation of antral G cells, vagal fibers contacting G cells release GRP (gastrin releasing peptide) to stimulate antral G cells, how does decreasing pH of gastric fluid switch off HCl secretion, as it becomes more acidic pH inhibits further HCl secretion (negative feedback), how are proteolytic enzymes secreted in pancreatic fluid, in inactive form to prevent autodigestion of pancreatic tissue, buffer chyme in duodenum and digestion of starches, proteins, and lipids, electrolytes included in pancreatic fluid, neutralizes chyme emptied into the duodenum, tissues involved in formation of pancreatic fluid, in pancreatic islets that make up about 2% of pancreatic tissue, how much pancreatic fluid is secreted in one day, how is amylase, lipases, and proteases stored in pancreas, in zymogen granules in acinar cells near apical surfaces, function of ductar cells and centroacinar cells of pancreas, how is pancreatic fluid electrolyte composition altered by flow rate, increasing flow rate produces increase in concentration of HCO3- (selective stimulation), decrease in CL-, what happens in the pancreas during the cephalic and gastric phases, what happens in the pancreas during intestinal phase, released by duodenal I cells when protein and fatty acid digestion reaches duodenum, released by duodenal S cells in response to presence of H+ in the duodenum, pancreatic digestive enzymes require what pH to function, hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells produce and secrete bile into the, bile duct where it is transported to gall bladder, cholesterol derivative is conjugated to either the amino acid glycine or taurine to form primary bile salts, secretion of water and electrolytes in bile are stimulated by, phospholipids make up _____ of organic component of bile, what substances participate in micelle formation, cholesterol makes up ____ of bile organic components in bile, hemoglobin breakdown releases bilirubin into blood, bilirubin glucoronide makes up ____ of organic components of bile, name the two primary bile acids formed in the hepatocytes, what is cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid derived from, cholesterol in a reaction catalyzed by cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylasae (rate limiting step), when hepatocytes covalently attach glycine or taurine to bile acid, when bacteria in intestin remove hydroxyl group for primary bile acids using the enzyme 7 alpha dehydroxylase, how much bile salts can the liver make in one day, what hormone stimulates the epithelium of bile ducts to release water and electorlytes to bile, absorbs fluid in isosmotic fashion resulting in no tonicity change but a change in concentration of organic compounds, what stimulates contraction of gall bladder and relaxation of sphincter of Oddi, 30 minutes after a meal ______ spurts of bile are driven into duodenum, what effects do bile salts returning to the liver have, bile salts returning to liver inhibit cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase, the returning bile salts stimulate more bile secretion, digestive enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, converts starch into short glucose chains or disaccharides, monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose), converts proteins to amino acids and oligopeptides, convert proteins to oligopeptides, tripeptides, dipeptides and amino acids, convert proteins to oligopeptides to tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids, convert tripeptides and dipeptides to amino acids, converts triglycerides to monoglycerides and 2 free fatty acids, secreted by pancreas in active form and works in upper small intestine to convert cholesterol to cholesterol esters and free fatty acids, secreted by the pancreas and must be activated by trypsin, monoglyceride, fatty acids, cholesterol, lysolecithin, how are carbohydrates and proteins transported across apical membrane, cotransport with Na+ for glucose and galactose, how are carbohydrates and proteins transported over basolateral membrane, action of hydrolytic enzymes that break covalent bonds within nutrient molecules such that resulting products are able to be absorbed, movement of digested nutrients, water, vitamins, and electrolytes across intestinal epithelium and into the villar capillaries, stomach (very little due to lack of villi and tight junctions between epithelial cells), larger surface area for absorption (1000 fold), in small intestine and diminish moving in a caudal direction toward lower intestine, large visible circular folds in small intestine, microscopic finger like projections of intestinal mucosa, microscopic cilia like projections on apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, absorption through intestinal epithelial cells, what type of disease cause a disruption in tight junctions, what pH is required for optimal carbohydrate digestion, digesting starch to short glucose chains and disaccharides, where does the majority of starch digestion occur, small intestine, duodenum and upper jejunum, what enzyme is responsible for most of starch digestion, alpha dextrins, maltose, maltotriose, and trehalose get broken down to what monosaccharides, lactose is broken down into what monosaccharides, sucrose is broken down into what monosaccharides, what stereoisomor of monosaccharides can be absorbed, what transporter is used to move glucose and galactose across the apical membrane, what transporters are used to move glucose galactose and fructose through the basolateral membrane, what transportor is used to move fructose across the apical surface of the intestinal epithelelas cells, which pH is optimal for protein digestion, does protein defficiency follow gastric bypass, remove amino acids from C termini of proteins, where does most of protein digestion occur, most protein is absorbed in the bloodstream as. if the pancreas become damaged or a duct becomes blocked pancreatic proteases may pool and overwhelm trypsin inhibitor to prevent trypsin formation, what proteases do trypsin cleave to activate, name the active forms of pancreatic proteases, brush border enzyme that cleaves trypsinogen to form active trypsin, what patients may not have pancreatic enzymes, what steroisomer of proteins can be absorbed, how are amino acids and di and tri peptides absorbed across the apical membrane, four Na+ amino acid cotransporters (secondary active transport), loss of function of a dibasic amino acid transport results in inability to absorb dibasic amino acids like cystine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine, basolateral transport of amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides, greatly increase surface area for digestion, breaking up (physical) large insoluble lipid globules into smaller droplets, where does emulsification of lipids occur, in stomach by agitiation followed by actions of bile salts in upper SI, they have negative charges that repel each other, tiny spheres of bile salts that form a shell around now soluble digested lipids, what happens to the micelles once in the GI cells, disassemble releasing digested lipids into the cytosol, what is the ultimate fate of the bile salts, later absorbed by specific Na+ cotransporters in the ileum, cholesterol, monoglyceride, lysolecithin covalently attached to free fatty acids within cytosol, results in inability to absorb dietary lipids, what vessels do the chylomicrons move into, where do chylomicrons enter the bloodstrem, incorporated into micelles and chylomicrons, requires intrinsic factor and occurs in the ileum. The breaking down of food into small soluble molecules. The function of the digestive system is to break down the foods you eat, release their nutrients, and absorb those nutrients into the body. This flashcard set will review the process of food digestion. Start studying Chapter 14: Digestive System (Physiology). 4. APPENDIX A: Diseases, Injuries, and Disorders of the Organ Systems. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIPALI HARKHANI 2. refers to the stomach and intestine, and sometimes to all the structures from the mouth to the anus. Choose your answers to the questions and click 'Next' to see the next set of questions. intracellular (gastric parietal cell) CO2 and H2O are converted by carbonic anhydrase first to carbonic acid. These components can be re-channeled directly into the small intestine upon removal of the gallbladder. Organization of The Digestive System Organs of the digestive system are divided into 2 main group : the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory structures . This-quiz-uses-javascript! The digestive system is a broader term that includes other structures, including the accessory organs of digestion, such as the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Boundless Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion: 10 Facts That Explain How the Body Absorbs Nutrients. Which of the following is NOT an accessory structure of the digestive system? The pancreatic duct transports secretions from the pancreas to the stomach. The digestive system is a kind of processing plant inside the body. Videos, follow-along-notes, and practice questions. Digestion Definition. Motility- IF normal motility is a steady movement of food…, The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with wate…, propulsive movements and mixing movements, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and rect…, -lines internal cavity/ lumen... -simple columnar epithelial cell…, Anatomy & Physiology The Digestive System, the process of physically and chemically breaking food particl…, body system that breaks down food into smaller molecules that…, the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall…, motility... secretion... digestion... absorption, type of motility... push contents forward through the digestive…, type of motility... serves 2 fxns:... 1) mixing food with digestiv…, consist of water, electrolytes, and specific organic constitue…, Mucus functions in... ANSWER:... lubricatio…, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, Terminal Learning Objective:... -Enabling…, Given the digestive system, diagram the process of digestion a…, The process by which nutrients from foods are taken into the c…, The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall…, A term used to describe food after it has been chewed and mixe…, Animal Nutrition - Module A: digestive physiology, Digestion starts in the stomach Absorption starts in the small…. anatomy and physiology lab digestive system Quizlet April 25th, 2018 - Quizlet provides anatomy and physiology lab digestive system activities flashcards and games Start learning today for free' 3 / 21 'PPT – Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System The first group is the organs that make up the alimentary canal. The taking in of specific chemicals for the body. Physiology Digestive System study guide by cfalgo1 includes 479 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. 2 - the endocrine system: do you understand how it functions? A comprehensive database of more than 87 digestive system quizzes online, test your knowledge with digestive system quiz questions. bile is mixed with the food in the small intestine. Serosa, 1. epithelium... 2. lamina propria... 3. muscularis mucosa, Meissner's (Submucosal) Plexus is the network of nerves that s…, ____: muscular contractions that mix and move forward the cont…, digestive _____: consist of water, electrolytes, specific orga…, biochemical breakdown of structurally complex foodstuffs into…, Small units resulting from digestion, along with water, vitami…, 1. mucosa... 2. submucosa... 3. muscularis ... 4…, peristalsis (move)... segmentation (mixing), __________smooth muscle controlled by parasympathetic system. Articles - Here you'll find a range of short articles on basic anatomy and physiology topics, complete with a few 'test yourself' questions for each one. liver. pass one way and only when needed and not…. Choose from 500 different sets of digestive physiology flashcards on Quizlet. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, usually caused by an infectious organism that is introduced into the abdominal cavity. The digestive system includes the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory structures. Muscularis... 4. Accessory digestive organs, despite their name, are critical to the function o… Submucosa... 3. Popular physiology quizzes : 1 - the nervous system: test your knowledge of nervous system physiology. Search for: Diseases and Disorders of the Digestive System. Anatomy & Physiology of the Digestive System Chapter Exam Instructions. Specifically, the digestive system takes in food (ingests it), breaks it down physically and chemically into nutrient molecules (digests it), and absorbs the nutrients into the bloodstream, then, it rids the body of indigestible remains (defecates). lipids. The digestive system has a complex system of food movement and secretion regulation, which are vital for its proper function. Linked to the "Maturity 2" case unit. If you get a question right the next one will appear automatically, but if you get it wrong we'll tell you the correct answer. Video Animation: Human Digestive System Physiology (Alila Medical Media) References. 1. Quizzes on the digestive system. The process by which food is broken down into simple chemical compounds that can be absorbed and used as nutrients or eliminated by the body is called digestion. The function of the digestive system is to break down the foods you eat, release their nutrients, and absorb those nutrients into the body. Peritonitis. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. absorbed as free iron or heme iron (animal tissue), Vitamin D is required for adequate calcium absorption, steps for nutrient entry into bloodstream, what receptors do parasympathetic postganglionic cells have on them, what is the mechanism of gastric H+ secretion, carbonic anhydrase combines water and CO2 from aerobic metabolism to form carbonic acid which dissociates into H+ and HCO3, what factors regulate gastric H+ secretion, why isnt the gastric mucosa eroded and digeted by H+ and pepsin that are present in gastric lumen, mucus secretion which forms protective barrier and contains HCO3 which neutralizes gastric acid, how does H. pylori contribute to duodenal ulcers, bacterium attaches to gastric epithelium and releases cytotoxins that breakdown protective mucus and underlying epithelium, what is the role of urease in peptic ulcers, converts urea to ammonia which alkalinizes local environment making it hospitable for bacteria, describe how the 13C urea breath test works, what are the sources of fluids added to the GI tract, what type of absorption is intestinal fluid absorption, isosmotic absorption (osmolarity is unchanged), what is the major driving ion in intestinal absorption, what is the apical mechanism of intestinal absorption, co-transport of Na with monosaccharides or amino acids, what electrolyte undergoes net absorption in the jejunum, what electrolyte undergoes net absorption in the ileum, what is the fate of most secreted fluid in the intestinal fluid secretion, reabsorbed by the small intestinal villar cells, what is the major ion that drives secretion of intestinal fluid, what is the second messenger associated with intestinal fluid secretion, what are the factors that stimulate intestinal fluid secretion, what are the major electrolytes lost in diarrhea, 3 causes of electrolyte loss in intestine, list the steps for bilirubin production and excretion, hepatocytes extract bilirubin from blood and conjugate with glucouronic acid, a failure to reabsorb fluid in the GI would result, in large decreases in total body water and would be life threatening, total fluid balance requires that fluid intake must equal, average fluid intake is usually how much per day, average fluid excretion is usually how much per day, how much of the 2L/day is lost in the urine, intestinal routes of fluid movement in the small intestine include, intestinal routes of fluid movement in the colon include, how much fluid is added to the GI everyday, absorption of fluid where osmolarity of any fluid remaining in intestinal lumen does not change, what is the major site of fluid absorption in small intestine, apical exchange (secondary active) with H+ or cotransport with monosaccharides or amino acids, how is Na+ moved across the basolateral membrane in the jejunum, same as in the ileum except Cl- is the major anion absorbed with Na+, fluid absorption in the colon is regulated by, what is the mechanism of fluid absorption in the colon, apical membrane channels move Na+ down its gradient from lumen into cells, mineralcorticoid hormone that increases syntehsis of apical Na+ and K+ channels, and Na+K+ ATPases, high intestinal flow rate and electrolyte values in colon, where are crypt cells of Lieberkuhn located, it provides a watery medium for solute absorption by villar cells, apical channels in crypt cells transport Cl- into the lumen, when are Ach and VIP released to activate G proteins, after activation of local reflexes that detect the presence of chyme, how does cholera toxin effect intestinal fluid secretion, results in G alpha s protein remaining activated constantly, decreased surface area diarrhea occurs when, undigested solutes pulls water and electrolytes into feces, excessive secretion that outpaces absorption caused by enteropathic bacteria (E. coli, V. Cholerae), increased motility of the GI tract with not enough time for absorption of fluid, electrolyte disturbances associated with diarrhea, HCO3- loss (hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis), yellow discoloration of skin or sclera of eyes, accumulation in blood or bilirubin or conjugated bilirubin, obstructive jaundice presentation and cause, dark colored urine and clay colored stool due to high urinary concentration and low fecal concentration of conjugated bile, due to newborn liver not adequately conjugating and excreting bilirubin, macrophages breakdown RBC hemoglobin to make bilirubin, some urobilinogen in the intestines gets reabsorbed into the blood, what is a trace element binding protein that is made int he liver, what are the causes of lactose intolerancce, lactase deficiency or a deficiency in SGLT1, why does lactose intolerance cause diarrhea, lactose remains in lumen and osmotically active, if lactose is not digested and absorbed intestinal bacteria metabolize some of the lactose, unmeasured solutes in feces (Na+, K+ times 2 to account for anions), what are some of the electrolytes in oral rehydration, how much fluid is ingested and secreted in GI tract, if average volume of fluid in feces is 200mL / day how much fluid is absorbed by GI daily, how much fluid is excreted and in what form per day, crypt cells of Lieberkuhn keep Galphas in active state (ADP ribosylation of G alpha s subunit), what is the fecal osmolar gap like in a patient with E. coli or Cholera, not present because the diarrhea was caused by excess secretion of solutes that are measured in determining total fecal osmolarity. begins in the stomach in the very acidic enviroment, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine; largest…, Anatomy and Physiology 12 - Digestive System - Digestive System. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. (gastrointestinal tract) (alimentary canal) Peristalsis is the slow contraction of smooth muscles around the pipes of the … Aids in digestion. WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM? ... 05 02 The Digestive System Anatomy And Physiology Flvs A P 2 Chapter 19 20 The Circulatory System Heart And Blood Lab Mod 21 Digestive System Labeling Flashcards Quizlet 3 - the digestive system: learn the physiology of the digestive system. The Digestive System Quiz: Structure of the Digestive Tract Wall; Digestive Enzymes; Quiz: Digestive Enzymes; The Mouth; Quiz: The Mouth; Function of the Digestive System; Quiz: Function of the Digestive System; Structure of the Digestive Tract Wall; The Pharynx; The Esophagus; Quiz: The Esophagus; Deglutition (Swallowing) Quiz: Deglutition (Swallowing) The Stomach starch. amino acids. breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones (catabolism), epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells, mucous prevents organ digestion... some endocrine tissue, Absorb nutrients, water, and electrolytes, an essential source of energy and building materials for body…, motility, secretion, digestion, absorption, the muscular contractions that mix and move contents, D. All of these are involved in digestion, D. All of these are parts of the digestive tract, Chapter 14: Digestive System (Physiology). 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