Explain how the delicate respiratory exchange surfaces are protected from pathogens, debris, and other hazards. 2. 2. Define the three basic processes of respiration: pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration. Chapter 13 - The Respiratory System Flashcards | Quizlet Start studying Chapter 13- Respiratory System. 4. 1. Chapter 23-Respiratory System; Shared Flashcard Set. http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=424629511, consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes both outside and within the lungs that function to filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs, consists of tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs, including the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli, a funnel-shaped tube that starts at the internal nares and extends to the cricoid cartilage of the inferior larynx; also called the throat, the superior portion of the pharynx that extends to the soft palate, also called the pharyngeal tonsil; located on the posterior wall of the pharynx, the intermediate pharynx, lying posterior to the oral cavity and extending from the soft palate inferiorly to the hyoid bone, the inferior portion of the pharynx; also called the hypopharynx; extends from the hyoid bone to the opening into the esophagus and larynx, a short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea; also called the voicebox, a large, leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is covered with epithelium; moves down and forms a lid over the glottis, the opening into the trachea, consists of a pair of vocal folds (true vocal cords) and the space between them (rima glottidis), a tubular passageway for air that is anterior to the esophagus and extends from the larynx to the left and right primary bronchi; also called the windpipe, double-layered serous membrane that encloses and protects each lung, superficial layer of membrane that lines the wall of the thoracic cavity, deep layer of membrane that covers the lungs themselves, a small space between the visceral and parietal pleura which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid secreted by the membranes, inflammation of the pleural membrane that causes pain in its early stages due to friction between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura, excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity due to long-term inflammation, an air sac in the lungs lined by simple squamous epithelium and supported by a thin elastic basement membrane, the combined alveolar and capillary walls where gas exchange between the air spaces in the lungs and blood takes place, the phenomenon where blood flow to each area of the lungs matches the extent of airflow to alveoli in that area, the general process of gas exchange in the body, the inhalation and exhalation of air that involves the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs; also called breathing, the exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries across the respiratory membrane; also called pulmonary respiration, the exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells; also called tissue respiration, states that the volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure, the pressure between the two pleural layers in the pleural cavity, which is always subatmospheric; also called intrathoracic pressure, the pressure inside the lungs themselves; also called intrapulmonic pressure, arises at all air-water interfaces due to the polar water molecules being more strongly attracted to each other than they are to the gas molecules in the air, refers to how much effort is required to stretch the lungs and chest wall, the volume of air per minute that actually reaches the respiratory zone, the additional inhaled air taken into the lungs by taking a very deep breath, the extra air that is pushed out of the lungs during a forcible exhalation, air that remains in the lungs, even after the expiratory reserve volume is exhaled; cannot be measured by spirometry, the sum of vital capacity and residual volume, states that each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present, states that the quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility, neurons in the medulla oblongata and pons of the brain that regulate the rate and depth of pulmonary ventilation, a disorder characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway obstruction, or airway hypersensitivity to a variety of stimuli, a disorder characterized by destruction of the alveolar walls, producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation, a disorder characterized by excessive secretion of bronchial mucus accompanied by a productive cough that lasts for three months of the year for two successive years, an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces and alveoli of the lungs, an acute infection or inflammation of the alveoli, an infectious, communicable disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most often affects the lungs and pleurae. Respiratory System: Chapter 16 Flashcards | Quizlet Chapter 16 The respiratory system is arranged by anatomic site and then by procedure The respiratory system has some codes that may be considered cosmetic. Discuss the negative feedback control system through which differing chemical conditions in the blood regulate the breathing pattern. Introduction. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. three basic steps . 09/26/2009. Chapter 23: The Respiratory System I. Create your own flash cards! This system is able to absorb hydrogen and hydroxide ions to prevent changes in pH and keep cells functioning properly. 3. Download Ebook Quizlet Digestive System Chapter 23 Quizlet Digestive System Chapter 23 Thank you very much for downloading quizlet digestive system chapter 23. State Boyle’s law. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this quizlet chapter 22 respiratory system, but end up in malicious downloads. 2. Respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells. 6. Chapter Lecture Notes. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 7. Subject. Details. 5. • Our cells produce energy for maintenance, growth, defense and division through Sign up here. Chapter 23 Quizlet. This set includes the vocab from Chp 23: The Respiratory System (Tortora & Derrickson, Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 13th Ed, Wiley, 2012). 8. Describe the primary functions of the respiratory system. Chapter 23-Respiratory System. 23. dissociation: release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH-24. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this quizlet digestive system chapter 23, but end up in infectious downloads. Level. The Respiratory System - Chapter 23. Online Library Quizlet Chapter 22 Respiratory System Quizlet Chapter 22 Respiratory System Thank you very much for reading quizlet chapter 22 respiratory system. Start studying Chapter 23: Respiratory System. Mr e s world history page: chapter 23 industrialization and nationalism 1800 1870 (new textbook) quizlet na very good studocu digestive system study guide answers pearson. Chapter 13 The Respiratory System Start studying Chapter 13 - The Respiratory System. 1. Chapter 23: The Respiratory System . This set includes the vocab from Chp 23: The Respiratory System (Tortora & Derrickson, Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 13th Ed, Wiley, 2012). Total Cards. The Respiratory System: An Introduction, p. 814 Objectives: 1. Identify the organs of the respiratory tract. ventilation (breathing) Enter password to view Chapter 22 The Respiratory System, multiple choice exam: View Set. Anatomy. 52. Undergraduate 2. Visit my iTunes U site for Anatomy podcasts and PDF files of all of my anatomy photo visual guides! Created. Chapter Objectives . Description. The primary functions of the respiratory system are, to move air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs, to provide an area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood, to protect respiratory surfaces from dehydration and environmental variations, The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lung capillaries indirectly assists int the regulation of, Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid secretion produced by alveolar cells to, reduce the cohesive force of H2O molecules and lower surface tension, The "patrol force" of the alveolar epithelium involved with phagocytosis consist primarily of, The respiratory system consists of structures that, provide an extensive surface area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood, permit vocalization and production of sound, move air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs along the respiratory passageways, The air-filled pockets within the lungs where all gas exchange between air and blood occurs are the, Structures in the trachea that prevent its collapse or overexpansion as pressures change in the respiratory system are the, The entry of liquids of solid food into the respiratory passageways during swallowing is prevents by the, A single respiratory contraction consists of, The trachea allows for the passage of large masses of food through the esophagus due to, distortion of the posterior tracheal wall, The function of the hilus along the medial surface of the lung is to, provide access to pulmonary vessels and nerves, Dilation and relaxation of the bronchioles is possible because the walls of bronchioles contain, smooth muscle tissue regulated by the ANS, Structural features that make the lungs highly pliable and capable of tolerating great changes in volume are, the elastic fibers in the trabeculae, septa, and the pleurae, After passing through the trachea, the pathway a molecule of inspired air would take to reach an alveolus is, primary bronchus -> secondary bronchus -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles -> respiratory bronchioles -> alveolus, The serous membrane in contact with the lung is the, The diffusion of gases between interstitial fluid and cytoplasm is, Breaching, which involves the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs is, The process which prevents the buildup of carbon dioxide in the alveoli and ensures a continuous supply of oxygen that keeps pace with absorption by the bloodstream is, The absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide by cells is, Air enters the respiratory passageways when the pressure inside the lungs is lower than then, The movement of air into and out of the lungs is primarily dependent on, pressure differences between the air in the atmosphere and air in the lungs, During inspiration there will be an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity and an, increasing lung volume, decreasing intrapulmonary pressure, relaxes and the dome rises into the thoracic cage, Stiffening and reduction in chest movement effectively limit the, A lack of surfactant secretion onto alveolar surfaces causes the, If there is a PO2 of 104mm Hg in the alveoli, and a PO2 of 40 mm Hg and a PCO2 of 45 mm Hg within the pulmonary blood, there will be a net diffusion of, O2 into the blood from the alveoli; CO2 from the blood into the alveoli, When the partial pressure difference is greater across the respiratory membrane, the rate of gas diffusion is, The arrangement that improves the efficiency of pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary circulation occurs when, If the partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the puolmonary capillaries than in the alveolus, then, O2 will diffuse out of the alveolus into the pulmonary capillary, Blood entering the system circuit normally has a PCO2 of 40mm Hg, while peripheral tissues have a PCO2 of 45mm Hg; therefore, Each molecule of hemoglobin has the capacity to carry ______ molecules of oxygen (O2), What percentage of total oxygen (O2) is carried within red blood cells chemically bound to hemoglobin, Factors that cause a decrease in hemoglobin saturation at a given PO2 are, increasing diphsphoglycerate (DPG), increasing temperature, decreasing pH, four globular protein subunits, each containing four heme units, When each hemoglobin molecule binds with four molecules of oxygen, the end product is, Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood by, conversion to a molecule of carbonic acid, binding to the protein part of the hemoglobin molecule, dissolving in plasma, If the rate and depth of respiration exceed the demands for oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal, the condition is called, Under normal conditions the greatest effect on the respiratory centers is initiated by, Emotional states which initiate sympathetic activation in the ANS cause, bronchodilation and increase the respiratory rate, The initiation of inspiration originates with discharge of inspiratory neurons in the, Examples of protective reflexes which operate when you are exposed to toxic vapors, chemical irritants, or mechanical stimulation of the respiratory tract include, inspiratory center is inhibited, the expiratory center stimulated, With increasing age, elastic tissue deterioration and stiffening and reduction in chest movement effectively limit the, The nervous system interacts with the respiratory system by, monitoring respiratory volume and blood gas levels, In the chronic, progressive condition of emphysema, respiratory bronchioles and alveoli are functionally eliminated, A respiratory disorder characterized by fluid leakage into the alveoli or swelling and constriction of the respiratory bronchioles is, Intracellular bicarbonate ions are exchanged for extracellular chloride ions resulting in a mass movement of chloride ions into the, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary, A rise in arteriole PCO2 elevates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) carbon dioxide levels and stimulates the chemoreceptive neurons of the medulla to produce, The primary function of pulmonary ventilation is to maintain adequate, The purpose of the fluid in the pleural cavity is to, reduce friction between the parietal and visceral pleura, When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, If a person is stabbed in the chest and the thoracic wall is punctured but the lung is not penetrated, The most important factor determining airway resistance is, The sympathetic division of the ANS causes _______ of airway smooth muscle; therefore, resistance is _________, The substance often administered during an asthmatic attack to decrease resistance via airway dilation is, Decreased amounts of CO2 concentrations in the bronchioles cause, The air flow and blood flow in the right proportion at each alveolus improves, If a person is breathing 15 times a minute and has a tidal volume of 500ml, the total minute respiratory volume is, that remains in lungs after maximal expiration, The maximum amount of air moved in and out during a single breath is, If a person is breathing 12 times per minute, the tidal volume is 350ml, and the volume in the anatomic dead space is 150ml, what is the alveolar ventilation rate, The most effective means of increasing alveolar ventilation is, When a person does not produce enough surfactant and becomes exhausted by the effort required to keep inflating and deflating the lungs, the condition is called, The partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere at sea level is, The process of internal respiration involves each of the follow except that, Movement of air into and out of the lungs is accomplished by the process of _______, while all movement of gases across membranes is by ________, The correct sequential transport of O2 from the tissue capillaries to O2 consumption in cells is, erythrocytes, plasma, interstitial fluid, cells, It is important that free H+ resulting from dissociation of H2CO3 combine with hemoglobin to reduce the possibility of. 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